Alberto Ginastera |

Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Ginastera jẹ olupilẹṣẹ ara ilu Argentine, akọrin ti o tayọ ni Latin America. Awọn iṣẹ rẹ ni a ṣe akiyesi ni ẹtọ laarin awọn apẹẹrẹ ti o dara julọ ti orin ti ọdun XNUMXth.

Alberto Ginastera ni a bi ni Buenos Aires ni Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 11, Ọdun 1916, ninu idile ti awọn aṣikiri Ilu Italia-Catalan. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí kẹ́kọ̀ọ́ orin ní ọmọ ọdún méje ó sì wọ ilé ẹ̀kọ́ àkànṣe ní ọmọ ọdún méjìlá. Ni awọn ọdun ọmọ ile-iwe rẹ, orin ti Debussy ati Stravinsky ṣe ifamọra ti o jinlẹ lori rẹ. Ipa ti awọn olupilẹṣẹ wọnyi le ṣe akiyesi si iwọn diẹ ninu awọn iṣẹ kọọkan. Olupilẹṣẹ naa ko ṣafipamọ awọn akopọ akọkọ rẹ ti a kọ ṣaaju ki o to 1936. O gbagbọ pe diẹ ninu awọn miiran jiya ayanmọ kanna, nitori awọn ibeere ti Ginastera pọ si ati ibawi adaṣe ti iṣẹ rẹ. Ni 1939, Ginastera ni ifijišẹ graduated lati Conservatory. Laipẹ ṣaaju iyẹn, o pari ọkan ninu awọn akopọ akọkọ akọkọ rẹ - ballet “Panambi”, eyiti a ṣe ni ipele ti Teatro Colon ni ọdun 1940.

Ni 1942, Ginastera gba Guggenheim Fellowship o si lọ si Amẹrika, nibiti o ti kọ ẹkọ pẹlu Aaron Copland. Lati akoko yẹn, o bẹrẹ lati lo awọn ilana iṣelọpọ eka diẹ sii, ati pe ara tuntun rẹ jẹ ẹya bi orilẹ-ede ti ara ẹni, ninu eyiti olupilẹṣẹ tẹsiwaju lati lo aṣa ati awọn eroja olokiki ti orin Argentine. Awọn akopọ abuda pupọ julọ ti akoko yii ni “Pampeana No. 3” (Pastoral Symphonic ni awọn agbeka mẹta) ati Piano Sonata No.

Nigbati o pada lati AMẸRIKA si Argentina, o da ile-igbimọ ni La Plata, nibiti o ti kọ ẹkọ lati 1948 si 1958. Lara awọn ọmọ ile-iwe rẹ ni awọn akọrin ojo iwaju Astor Piazzolla ati Gerardo Gandini. Ni ọdun 1962, Ginastera, pẹlu awọn olupilẹṣẹ miiran, ṣẹda Ile-iṣẹ Latin America fun Iwadi Orin ni Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Ni opin awọn ọdun 60, o gbe lọ si Geneva, nibiti o ngbe pẹlu iyawo keji, cellist Aurora Natola.

Alberto Ginastera ku ni Oṣu Karun ọjọ 25, Ọdun 1983. Wọn sin i si ibi oku Plainpalais ni Geneva.

Alberto Ginastera ni onkowe ti operas ati ballets. Lara awọn iṣẹ miiran ti olupilẹṣẹ ni awọn ere orin fun piano, cello, violin, harp. O ti kọ ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ fun akọrin orin aladun, piano, orin fun itage ati sinima, awọn ifẹfẹfẹ, ati awọn iṣẹ iyẹwu.

Olupilẹṣẹ orin Sergio Pujol kọwe nipa olupilẹṣẹ ninu iwe rẹ 2013 One Hundred Years of Musical Argentina: “Ginastera jẹ titan ti orin ẹkọ ẹkọ, iru ile-ẹkọ orin kan funrararẹ, eniyan pataki julọ ninu igbesi aye aṣa ti orilẹ-ede naa fun ọdun mẹrin.”

Ati pe eyi ni bii Alberto Ginastera funrararẹ ṣe akiyesi imọran kikọ orin: “Kikọ orin, ni ero mi, jẹ ibatan si ṣiṣẹda faaji. Ninu orin, faaji yii n ṣii ni akoko pupọ. Ati pe ti o ba jẹ pe, lẹhin ti akoko ti kọja, iṣẹ naa ni imọlara pipe ti inu, ti a fihan ninu ẹmi, a le sọ pe olupilẹṣẹ naa ṣakoso lati ṣẹda iṣẹ-ọnà yẹn gan-an.”

Nadia Koval

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera - Papa ọkọ ofurufu (Aeroporto, opera buffa, 1961, Bergamo), Don Rodrigo (1964, Buenos Aires), Bomarso (lẹhin M. Lines, 1967, Washington), Beatrice Cenci (1971, ibid); awọn baluwe - Àlàyé choreographic Panambi (1937, ti a ṣe ni 1940, Buenos Aires), Estancia (1941, ti a ṣe ni 1952, ibid; titun àtúnse 1961), Tender night (Tender night; da lori awọn iyatọ ere fun orchestra iyẹwu, 1960, New York); kantata - Magical America (America magica, 1960), Milena (si awọn ọrọ nipasẹ F. Kafka, 1970); fun orchestra - 2 symphonies (Portegna - Porteсa, 1942; elegiac - Sinfonia elegiaca, 1944), Creole Faust Overture (Fausto criollo, 1943), Toccata, Villancico ati Fugue (1947), Pampean No.. 3 (symphonic pastoral), Concers 1953. (Variaciones concertantes, fun iyẹwu orchestra, 1953); ere fun awọn okun (1965); ere orin pẹlu onilu – 2 fún piano (Argentinian, 1941; 1961), fún violin (1963), fún cello (1966), fún háàpù (1959); iyẹwu irinse ensembles — Pampean No.. 1 fun violin ati piano (1947), Pampean No.. 2 fun cello ati piano (1950), 2 okun quartets (1948, 1958), piano quintet (1963); fun piano – Awọn ijó Argentine (Danzas argentinas, 1937), 12 American preludes (12 American preludes, 1944), suite Creole ijó (Danzas criollas, 1946), sonata (1952); fun ohùn pẹlu akojọpọ irinse - Awọn orin aladun ti Tucuman (Cantos del Tucumán, pẹlu fèrè, violin, hapu ati awọn ilu 2, si awọn orin nipasẹ RX Sanchez, 1938) ati awọn miiran; fifehan; processing - Awọn orin eniyan ara ilu Argentina marun fun ohun ati duru (Cinco canciones populares argentinas, 1943); orin fun eré "Olyantai" (1947), ati be be lo.