Daniel Francois Esprit Auber |

Daniel Auber

Ober. "Fra Diavolo". Ọdọmọkunrin Agnes (N. Finer)

Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti Institute of France (1829). Nigbati o jẹ ọmọde, o ṣe violin, awọn fifehan ti o kọ (ti a gbejade wọn). Lodi si awọn ifẹ ti awọn obi rẹ, ti o pese sile fun iṣẹ iṣowo, o fi ara rẹ si orin. Iriri akọkọ rẹ, ti o tun jẹ magbowo, iriri ninu orin itage ni opera apanilerin Iulia (1811), ti a fọwọsi nipasẹ L. Cherubini (labẹ itọsọna rẹ, Aubert ṣe ikẹkọ akopọ ti o tẹle).

Awọn opera apanilerin akọkọ ti Aubert, Awọn ọmọ-ogun ni isinmi (1813) ati Majẹmu (1819), ko gba idanimọ. Òkìkí mú opera apanilẹ́rìn-àjò náà The Shepherdess – ẹni tó ni ilé ìṣọ́ (1820). Lati awọn 20s. Aubert bẹrẹ ifowosowopo eso fun igba pipẹ pẹlu oṣere ere E. Scribe, onkọwe ti libertto ti ọpọlọpọ awọn operas rẹ (akọkọ ninu wọn ni Leicester ati Snow).

Ni ibẹrẹ ti iṣẹ rẹ, Aubert ni ipa nipasẹ G. Rossini ati A. Boildieu, ṣugbọn tẹlẹ opera apanilerin The Mason (1825) jẹri si ominira ẹda ati ipilẹṣẹ ti olupilẹṣẹ. Ni ọdun 1828, opera The Mute lati Portici (Fenella, lib. Scribe ati J. Delavigne), eyiti o fi idi olokiki rẹ mulẹ, ni a ṣeto pẹlu aṣeyọri aṣeyọri. Ni 1842-71 Aubert jẹ oludari ti Paris Conservatoire, lati 1857 o tun jẹ olupilẹṣẹ ile-ẹjọ.

Ober, pẹlu J. Meyerbeer, jẹ ọkan ninu awọn olupilẹṣẹ ti oriṣi opera nla. Opera The Mute lati Portici jẹ ti oriṣi yii. Idite rẹ - iṣọtẹ ti awọn apẹja Neapolitan ni ọdun 1647 lodi si awọn ẹrú ilu Sipeeni - ni ibamu pẹlu iṣesi gbogbo eniyan ni efa ti Iyika Keje ti ọdun 1830 ni Faranse. Pẹlu iṣalaye rẹ, opera dahun si awọn iwulo ti olugbo ti o ni ilọsiwaju, nigbakan nfa awọn iṣere rogbodiyan (ifihan ti orilẹ-ede ni iṣẹ kan ni ọdun 1830 ni Brussels ṣiṣẹ bi ibẹrẹ ti iṣọtẹ ti o yori si igbala ti Bẹljiọmu lati ijọba Dutch). Ni Russia, awọn iṣẹ ti awọn opera ni Russian laaye nipasẹ awọn tsarist ihamon nikan labẹ awọn akọle The Palermo Bandits (1857).

Eyi jẹ opera akọkọ akọkọ ti o da lori idite itan-akọọlẹ gidi, awọn ohun kikọ eyiti kii ṣe awọn akikanju atijọ, ṣugbọn awọn eniyan lasan. Aubert ṣe itumọ akori akọni nipasẹ awọn innations rhythmic ti awọn orin eniyan, awọn ijó, ati awọn orin ogun ati awọn irin-ajo ti Iyika Faranse Nla. Opera naa nlo awọn imọ-ẹrọ ti isinwin iyatọ, awọn akọrin lọpọlọpọ, oriṣi pupọ ati awọn iwoye akọni (lori ọja, igbega), awọn ipo aladun (ibi isinwin). Iṣe ti heroine ni a fi le si ballerina kan, eyiti o fun laaye olupilẹṣẹ lati ṣe itẹlọrun Dimegilio pẹlu awọn iṣẹlẹ akọrin ikosile ni apẹẹrẹ ti o tẹle ere ipele Fenella, ati ṣafihan awọn eroja ti ballet ti o munadoko sinu opera naa. Opera The Mute lati Portici ni ipa lori idagbasoke siwaju ti akọni eniyan ati opera ifẹ.

Aubert jẹ aṣoju ti o tobi julọ ti opera apanilerin Faranse. Opera rẹ Fra Diavolo (1830) samisi ipele tuntun ninu itan-akọọlẹ oriṣi yii. Lara ọpọlọpọ awọn operas apanilerin duro jade: "Ẹṣin Idẹ" (1835), "Black Domino" (1837), "Diamonds of the Crown" (1841). Aubert gbarale awọn aṣa ti awọn oluwa ti opera apanilerin Faranse ti ọrundun 18th. (FA Philidor, PA Monsigny, AEM Gretry), bakanna bi Boildieu ti ode oni, kọ ẹkọ pupọ lati iṣẹ ọna Rossini.

Ni ifowosowopo pẹlu Scribe, Aubert ṣẹda titun kan iru ti apanilerin opera oriṣi, eyi ti o wa ni characterized nipasẹ adventurous ati adventurous, ma iwin-itan igbero, nipa ti ati ki o nyara sese igbese, replete pẹlu iyanu, playful, ma grotesque ipo.

Orin Aubert jẹ ọlọgbọn, ni ifarabalẹ ti n ṣe afihan awọn iyipada apanilẹrin ti iṣe, o kun fun imole oore-ọfẹ, oore-ọfẹ, igbadun ati didan. O ṣe afihan awọn itọsi ti orin ojoojumọ Faranse (orin ati ijó). Awọn ikun rẹ jẹ samisi nipasẹ alabapade aladun ati oniruuru, didasilẹ, awọn rhythmu piquant, ati nigbagbogbo arekereke ati awọn orchestration alarinrin. Aubert lo ọpọlọpọ awọn ariose ati awọn fọọmu orin, ti o ṣe afihan awọn akojọpọ ati awọn akọrin, eyiti o tumọ ni ere, ọna ti o munadoko, ṣiṣẹda iwunlere, awọn iwoye oriṣi ti awọ. Creative irọyin ti a ni idapo ni Aubert pẹlu awọn ebun ti orisirisi ati aratuntun. AN Serov funni ni iṣiro giga, apejuwe ti o han gbangba si olupilẹṣẹ naa. Awọn opera ti o dara julọ ti Aubert ti ni idaduro olokiki wọn.

EF Bronfin

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera - Julia (Julie, 1811, ile iṣere ikọkọ ni ile nla ti Chime), Jean de Couvain (Jean de Couvain, 1812, ibid.), Ologun ni isinmi (Le séjour militaire, 1813, Feydeau Theatre, Paris), Majẹmu, tabi Awọn akọsilẹ ifẹ (Le testament ou Les billets doux, 1819, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Shepherdess - eni to ni ile nla (La bergère châtelaine, 1820, ibid.), Emma, ​​tabi ileri aibikita (Emma ou La) promesse imprudente, 1821, ibid. kanna), Leicester (1823, ibid.), Snow (La neige, 1823, ibid.), Vendôme i Spain (Vendôme en Espagne, pọ pẹlu P. Herold, 1823, King Academy of Music ati Dance, Paris) , Court Concert (Le concert à la cour, ou La débutante, 1824, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Leocadia (Léocadie, 1824, ibid.), Bricklayer (Le maçon, 1825, ibid.), Shy ( Le timide , ou Le nouveau séducteur, 1825, ibid.), Fiorella (Fiorella, 1825, ibid.), Mute from Portici (La muette de Portici, 1828, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Iyawo (La fiancée, 1829, Opéra Comique, Paris), Fra D iavolo (F ra Diavolo, ou L'hôtellerie de Terracine, 1830, ibid.), Olorun ati Bayadère (Le dieu et la bayadère, ou La courtisane amoureuse, 1830, King. Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Orin ati ijó, Paris; ipa ti o dakẹ lẹhin isp. ballerina M. Taglioni), ife potion (Le philtre, 1831, ibid.), Marquise de Brenvilliers (La marquise de Brinvilliers, pọ pẹlu 8 miiran composers, 1831, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), bura (Le serment, ou Les faux). -monnayeurs, 1832, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Gustav III, tabi Masquerade Ball (Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué, 1833, ibid.), Lestocq, ou L' intrigue et l'amour, 1834, Opera Apanilẹrin, Paris), Ẹṣin Bronze (Le cheval de bronze, 1835, ibid; ni 1857 tun ṣiṣẹ sinu opera nla kan), Acteon (Actéon, 1836, ibid), White Hoods (Les chaperons blancs, 1836, ibid.), Aṣoju (L'ambassadrice, 1836, ibid.), Black Domino (Le domino noir, 1837, ibid.), Fairy Lake (Le lac des fées, 1839, King's Academy Music and Dance”, Paris), Zanetta (Zanetta, ou Jouer avec le feu, 1840, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Crown Diamonds (Les diamants de la couronne, 1841, ibid.), Duke of Olonne (Le duc d 'Olonne, 1842, ibid.), Eṣu ká Share (La part). du diable, 1843, ibid.) , Siren (La sirène, 1844,ibid.), Barcarolle, tabi Ife ati Orin (La barcarolle ou L'amour et la musique, 1845, ibid.), Haydée (Haydée, ou Le secret, 1847, ibid.), Omo Prodigal (L'enfant prodigue, 1850). , Ọba. Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Zerlina (Zerline ou La corbeille d'oranges, 1851, ibid), Marco Spada (Marco Spada, 1852, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris; ni 1857 tunwo sinu ballet), Jenny Bell (Jenny Bell). , 1855, ibid.), Manon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut, 1856, ibid.), Circassian obinrin (La circassienne, 1861, ibid.), Iyawo of King de Garbe (La fiancée du roi de Garbe, 1864, ibid.) ) , The First Day of Happiness (Le premier jour de bonheur, 1868, ibid.), Dream of Love (Rêve d'amour, 1869, ibid.); okun. quartets (ti a ko tẹjade), ati bẹbẹ lọ.