Edward Alexander MacDowell |

Edward MacDowell

Scotland nipa abínibí. O kọ duru bi ọmọde pẹlu MT Carregno, ni 1876-1878 - pẹlu AF Marmontel (piano) ati MGO Savard (tiwqn) ni Paris Conservatory, pẹlu C. Heyman (piano) ati I. Raffa (tiwqn) ni Conservatory ni Frankfurt am Main. Ni 1881-1882 o kọ piano ni Darmstadt Conservatory. Lati 1888 McDowell ngbe ni Boston, ti o ṣe ni awọn ere orin onkọwe. Gẹgẹbi olupilẹṣẹ, o ti ṣẹda labẹ ipa ti ẹwa ati awọn imọran ẹkọ ti F. Liszt, awọn aṣa ti awọn romantics (ipilẹ ti iṣelọpọ ti ewi ati orin), paapaa R. Schumann, ati E. Grieg. Uncomfortable MacDowell bi olupilẹṣẹ ni Weimar (First Modern Suite, 1883) jẹ ifọwọsi nipasẹ Liszt, ẹniti o ṣe alabapin si titẹjade awọn iṣẹ ibẹrẹ rẹ. Ni 1896-1904 o ṣe olori ẹka orin ni Ile-ẹkọ giga Columbia ni New York (akọkọ ni AMẸRIKA) ati pe o jẹ olukọ ọjọgbọn rẹ. Bi abajade ti ija pẹlu iṣakoso ti ile-ẹkọ giga, ti o ni asopọ pẹlu atunṣe ẹkọ orin ti o ni idagbasoke, o fi agbara mu lati lọ kuro ni ẹkọ. Awọn ikowe ti o funni ni a tẹjade lẹyin iku ni irisi akojọpọ Awọn arosọ Critical ati Historical (Boston – NY, 1912).

McDowell jiyan pe iṣẹ ọna orin ti orilẹ-ede nitootọ ko yẹ ki o lo itan-akọọlẹ orin nikan, ṣugbọn tun ṣe awọn ẹya ti eto ẹmi, ihuwasi, aṣa ti awọn eniyan ati iseda ti orilẹ-ede naa. Ọkan ninu awọn oludasilẹ ti ile-iwe alamọdaju ti Amẹrika ti awọn olupilẹṣẹ, McDowell fun igba akọkọ (ni awọn fọọmu nla) yipada si orin orilẹ-ede (Indian) (akori ti “Orin isinku” lati 2nd “Indian Suite” da lori ohun gbigbasilẹ otitọ ti isinku isinku India) ati awọn aworan ti awọn iwe-iwe Amẹrika (awọn itan kukuru ti o nifẹ nipasẹ W. Irving, N. Hawthorne, ewi lyric nipasẹ G. Longfellow, DR Lowell, ati bẹbẹ lọ).

Iṣeduro ifẹ ihuwasi ti McDowell, ifarabalẹ fun iṣafihan ẹgbẹ idyllic ti igbesi aye, awọn aworan lyrical ati awọn iṣesi ni afihan ni Fireside Tales (awọn ere 6, Fireside Tales, 1902), New England Idylls (awọn ere 10, New England Idyls”, 1902), “ Awọn afọwọya igbo” (awọn ege 10, “awọn aworan afọwọya Woodland”, 1896), “Idyls Forest” (awọn ege 4, “Idyls Forest”) ati awọn ohun elo sọfitiwia miiran fun duru, ati ni awọn iyipo ohun orin ewì lori awọn ọrọ tirẹ.

Iṣẹ McDowell gba olokiki olokiki ni Ilu Amẹrika lakoko igbesi aye rẹ. Ni awọn ewi symphonic, orchestral suites, piano concertos ati sonatas, lyrical ere ni o wa julọ han gidigidi, paapa awon nkan ṣe pẹlu ariwa fifehan. "Northern" (3rd) ati "Celtic" (4th) sonatas McDowell igbẹhin si E. Grieg (McDowell ni a npe ni "American Grieg"). Melodiousness, kan ifarahan si romantic otito ti awọn aworan ti iseda wa ni aṣoju ti rẹ composing ara. McDowell ṣe pataki awọn iṣẹ ti awọn olupilẹṣẹ Rọsia, paapaa PI Tchaikovsky; o ni awọn iwe-kikọ piano ti awọn iṣẹ orchestral nipasẹ AP Borodin ati NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Ni 1910-1917, McDowell Memorial Society ṣe ajọdun Orin Orin McDowell 4-ọjọ lododun ni Peterborough, New Hampshire.

Awọn akojọpọ: fun orchestra. - 3 aami. awọn ewi: Hamlet ati Ophelia (1885), Lancelot ati Elaine (gẹgẹ bi A. Tennyson, 1888), Lamia (gẹgẹ bi J. Keats, 1889), 2 ajẹkù lati Song of Roland - Saracens, Lẹwa Alda (The Saracens, The ẹlẹwà Aida, 1891), 2 suites (1891, 1895); fun irinse pẹlu Orc. – 2 fp. concerto (a-moll, 1885; d-moll, 1890), fifehan fun awọn wolves. (1888); fun fp. - Modern suites (Modern suites, No 1, 2, 1882-84), 4 sonatas: Tragic, Akikanju, Northern, Celtic (Tragica, Eroica, Norse, Keltic, 1893, 1895, 1900, 1901), 6 whims (Six fancies . (Okun ege, 1898), 6 gbagbe iwin itan (1887) ati awọn miiran waye ti awọn ere, 6-ẹrọ (1887 iwe, 1889), 8 virtuoso-ẹrọ (1888), Imọ adaṣe (1901 iwe, 1898, 4); fun 1898fp. - Awọn ewi 12 (2), awọn aworan oṣupa (awọn aworan oṣupa, ko si XK Andersen, 1890); àwọn ẹgbẹ́ akọrin onígun , ch. arr. fun oko. ibo; orin iyika - 12 lori ara. awọn ọrọ, pẹlu. Lati ọgba atijọ (awọn orin 1894, 2), 1893 ni atẹle. R. Burns (1895), 2 ni ff. WX Gardena (3), lori tókàn. JW Goethe, Howells; 1886 Awọn orin atijọ (Awọn orin atijọ meji, 1886).