Fugetta |
itali. fughetta, tan. - iyẹfun kekere; Faranse, English fughetta; German Fughetta, Fughette
Ni irọrun ti o rọrun ni awọn ofin ti iṣẹ ọna ati akoonu inu, awọn ilana iṣelọpọ ati sojurigindin, fugue (1).
F. ni a maa n kọ fun ẹya ara tabi ph. (awọn oṣere miiran jẹ toje: akorin “Sweeter ju oyin jẹ ọrọ didùn” lati iṣe 1st ti opera “Iyawo Tsar”, orchestral intermezzo lati ẹda 1st ti opera “Mozart ati Salieri” nipasẹ Rimsky-Korsakov). Bi ofin, F. ko ni eka idagbasoke ti significant muses. ero, awọn oniwe-ronu ti wa ni won, awọn kikọ jẹ julọ igba contemplative (org. choral eto nipa J. Pachelbel), lyric-contemplative (F. d-moll Bach, BWV 899), ma scherzo (F. G-dur Bach, BWV). 902). Eyi ṣe ipinnu ifarahan ti awọn akori F. - nigbagbogbo kekere ati didan (lilo awọn orin aladun orin jẹ aṣoju: mẹta F. fun piano lori awọn akori Russian nipasẹ Rimsky-Korsakov, piano Prelude ati Fugue "Lori a Summer Morning on Lawn "Op. 61 nipasẹ Kablevsky). Ni ọpọlọpọ igba, aroko F. nitori iwọn kekere rẹ, sibẹsibẹ, oye ti awọn ọrọ “F.” ati "fugue kekere" gẹgẹbi awọn synonyms kii ṣe idalare nigbagbogbo (ninu c-moll fugue lati iwọn didun 2nd ti Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, awọn iwọn 28; ni clavier F. Ko si 3 ni D-dur nipasẹ Handel, awọn iwọn 100). Ko ṣee ṣe lati fa ila ti o han laarin F., fugue ati fugue kekere (Fp. F. No 4 op. 126 ti Schumann jẹ fugue gangan; Fp. Fugues op. 43 ti Myaskovsky jẹ iru si F.).
F. ti wa ni itumọ ti ni opo ni ọna kanna bi "tobi" fugues (wo, fun apẹẹrẹ, ė F. No4 C-dur fun Handel's clavier, org F. to Pachelbel's chorale), sugbon ti won wa ni nigbagbogbo kere ni asekale. Awọn julọ pipe ati idurosinsin ikole ti awọn ifihan; apakan idagbasoke ti fọọmu naa nigbagbogbo jẹ kekere – ko ju ẹgbẹ kan lọ ti awọn ifihan (ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ọran, awọn olupilẹṣẹ ro interlude ti o tẹle tabi imitative lati jẹ to: org. choral F. “Allein Gott in der Höch' sei Ehr” nipasẹ Bach , BWV 677); apakan ikẹhin ti fọọmu naa nigbagbogbo ni opin si isokan. ti nmu akori naa (fp. F. ni h-moll op. 9 No 3 nipasẹ Čiurlionis). Bi o tilẹ jẹ pe lilo awọn fọọmu contrapuntal ti o nipọn ko ni idasilẹ ( Canon ailopin ni F. No 4 in C-dur nipasẹ Handel, awọn ọpa 10-15, iyipada ti akori ni F. lati "Polyphonic Notebook" fun piano Shchedrin, stretta in magnification ni piano F. ni d-moll nipasẹ Arensky) , sibẹsibẹ o rọrun orisi ti imitation fun F. ni awọn iwuwasi. F. waye bi ominira. prod. (F. c-moll Bach, BWV 961), bi awọn iyatọ (Ko si 10 ati 16 ni Bach's Goldberg Variations, No 24, in Beethoven's Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli, F. on Rimsky-Korsakov's BACH theme in Paraphrases "), bi apakan ti a ọmọ ("Mini Suite" fun eto ara, op. 20 nipa Ledenev). Nibẹ jẹ ẹya ero ti F. le jẹ apa kan ti o tobi odidi (Praut, ch. X), sugbon ni iru awọn igba miran, F. Oba ko ni yato si fugato. F. igba saju wọle. nkan naa jẹ asọtẹlẹ tabi irokuro (Fantasies ati F. B-dur, Bach D-dur, BWV 907, 908); F. nigbagbogbo ni idapo sinu awọn akojọpọ tabi awọn iyipo (Baxa's Preludes ati Fughettas, BWV 899-902, Handel's Six Fugues for Organ or Harpsichord, op. 3, Schumann's Four Fp. F. op. 126). Ni 17 - 1st pakà. 18. orundun org. F. gẹgẹbi fọọmu orin aladun chorale (nigbagbogbo fun awọn iwe-itumọ nikan) ni a lo nigbagbogbo ati ni awọn ọna oriṣiriṣi (J. Pachelbel, JKF Fischer, JK Bach, JG Walter). Awọn ayẹwo pipe jẹ ti JS Bach (diẹ ninu awọn org. F. lati apakan 3rd ti "Clavier Exercises" jẹ awọn ẹya afọwọṣe ti o rọrun ti awọn eto choral nla: fun apẹẹrẹ, "Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot", BWV 678 ati 679); kekere preludes ati fugues fun eto ara (BWV 553-560) ati F. fun clavier Bach ti a ti pinnu fun pedagogical. afojusun. Composers 2nd pakà. 18th-19th sehin (WF Bach, L. Beethoven, A. Reich, R. Schumann, NA Rimsky-Korsakov) yipada si F. Elo kere nigbagbogbo; ni ọrundun 20 o ti di ibigbogbo ni ẹkọ ati ikẹkọ. repertoire (SM Maykapar, AF Gedike ati awọn miiran).
To jo: Zolotarev VA, Itọsọna Fuga si ẹkọ iṣe, M., 1932, 1965; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony gẹgẹbi ifosiwewe ti apẹrẹ, L., 1962; Rrout E., Fugue, L., 1894, 1900 Wo tun tan. to Art. Fugue.
VP Frayonov
