Albert Lortzing |

Albert Lortzing

Ti a bi ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọjọ 23, Ọdun 1801 ni Ilu Berlin. Awọn obi rẹ jẹ oṣere ti awọn ẹgbẹ opera irin-ajo. Igbesi aye nomadic ailopin ko fun olupilẹṣẹ ọjọ iwaju ni aye lati gba eto-ẹkọ orin eleto, ati pe o jẹ alamọdaju ti ara ẹni ti a kọ titi di opin awọn ọjọ rẹ. Ni asopọ pẹkipẹki pẹlu itage lati igba ewe, Lorzing ṣe ni awọn ipa awọn ọmọde, lẹhinna ṣe awọn apakan ti buffo tenor ni ọpọlọpọ awọn operas. Lati 1833 o di Kapellmeister ti Opera House ni Leipzig, ati lẹhinna ṣiṣẹ bi Kapellmeister ti Opera ni Vienna ati Berlin.

Iriri ilowo ọlọrọ, imọ ti o dara ti ipele, ibatan ti o sunmọ pẹlu opera repertoire ṣe alabapin si aṣeyọri ti Lorzing bi olupilẹṣẹ opera. Ni ọdun 1828, o ṣẹda opera akọkọ rẹ, Ali, Pasha ti Janina, ti a ṣe ni Cologne. Rẹ apanilerin operas imbued pẹlu imọlẹ awọn eniyan arin takiti mu jakejado loruko si Lorzing, wọnyi ni o wa meji Arrows (1835), The Tsar and the Gbẹnagbẹna (1837), The Gunsmith (1846) ati awọn miiran. Ni afikun, Lorzing kowe opera romantic Ondine (1845) - da lori idite ti itan kukuru nipasẹ F. Mott-Fouquet, ti a tumọ nipasẹ VA Zhukovsky ati pe PI Tchaikovsky lo lati ṣẹda opera akọkọ rẹ ti orukọ kanna.

Awọn opera apanilẹrin Lorzing jẹ iyatọ nipasẹ otitọ, igbadun lẹẹkọkan, ere-aye, ere idaraya, orin wọn kun pẹlu awọn orin aladun rọrun lati ranti. Gbogbo awọn yi gba wọn gbale laarin kan jakejado ibiti o ti awọn olutẹtisi. Ti o dara julọ ti awọn operas Lortzing - “The Tsar and the Gbẹnagbẹna”, “The Gunsmith” – ṣi ko fi awọn repertoire ti awọn ere itage ni Europe.

Albert Lorzing, ti o ṣeto ara rẹ ni iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti democratizing German opera, tesiwaju awọn aṣa ti atijọ German Singspiel. Ohun gidi-ojumọ akoonu ti awọn operas rẹ jẹ ofe ni awọn eroja ikọja. Diẹ ninu awọn iṣẹ naa da lori awọn iwoye lati igbesi aye awọn oniṣọna ati awọn alaroje (Two Riflemen, 1837; Gunsmith, 1846), lakoko ti awọn miiran ṣe afihan imọran ti Ijakadi ominira (Pole ati Ọmọ Rẹ, 1832; Andreas Hofer, ifiweranṣẹ Ọdun 1887). Ninu awọn operas Hans Sax (1840) ati Awọn iṣẹlẹ lati Igbesi aye Mozart (1832), Lorzing ṣe igbega awọn aṣeyọri ti aṣa orilẹ-ede. Idite ti opera The Tsar and the Gbẹnagbẹna (1837) ni a yawo lati inu igbesi aye Peter I.

Lorzing ká orin ati ona ni a ṣe afihan mimọ ati oore-ọfẹ. Orin aladun, orin aladun, sunmo si aworan eniyan, jẹ ki awọn operas rẹ wa siwaju sii. Ṣugbọn ni akoko kanna, aworan Lorzing jẹ iyatọ nipasẹ imole ati aini isọdọtun iṣẹ ọna.

Albert Lorzing ku ni Oṣu Kini Ọjọ 21, Ọdun 1851 ni Ilu Berlin.

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera (awọn ọjọ iṣẹ) - Iṣura ti awọn Incas (Die Schatzkammer des Ynka, op. 1836), The Tsar and the Gbẹnagbẹna (1837), Caramo, tabi Spear Ipeja (Caramo, oder das Fischerstechen, 1839), Hans Sachs (1840) , Casanova (1841), The Poacher, tabi Voice of Nature (Der Wildschütz oder Die Stimme der Natur, 1842), Ondine (1845), The Gunsmith (1846), Si Grand Admiral (Zum Grossadmiral, 1847), Rolland's Squires (Die Rolands Knappen, 1849), Opera atunwi (Die Operanprobe, 1851); zingspili - Awọn ile-iṣẹ mẹrin ni ifiweranṣẹ (Vier Schildwachen aut einem Posten, 1828), Pole ati ọmọ rẹ (Der Pole und sein Kind, 1832), Efa Keresimesi (Der Weihnachtsabend, 1832), Awọn oju iṣẹlẹ lati igbesi aye Mozart (Scenen aus Mozarts Leben). , 1832), Andreas Hofer (1832); fun akorin ati awọn ohun pẹlu onilu – oratorio Ascension of Christ (Die Himmelfahrt Jesu Christi, 1828), aseye Cantata (lori awọn ẹsẹ nipasẹ F. Schiller, 1841); awọn akorin, pẹlu awọn orin adashe igbẹhin si Iyika ti 1848; orin fun awọn iṣẹ iṣere.