Arthur Honegger |

Arthur Honegger

Honegger jẹ oluwa nla kan, ọkan ninu awọn olupilẹṣẹ igbalode diẹ ti o ni oye ti ọlanla. E. Jourdan-Morange

Olupilẹṣẹ Faranse olokiki A. Honegger jẹ ọkan ninu awọn oṣere ti o ni ilọsiwaju julọ ni akoko wa. Gbogbo igbesi aye olorin ti o wapọ yii ati oluronu jẹ iṣẹ kan si aworan ayanfẹ rẹ. Ó fún un ní agbára àti agbára rẹ̀ fún nǹkan bí 40 ọdún. Ibẹrẹ iṣẹ ti olupilẹṣẹ jẹ pada si awọn ọdun ti Ogun Agbaye akọkọ, awọn iṣẹ ikẹhin ni a kọ ni 1952-53. Perú Honegger ni awọn akopọ to ju 150 lọ, ati ọpọlọpọ awọn nkan pataki lori ọpọlọpọ awọn ọran sisun ti aworan orin ode oni.

Ọmọ abinibi ti Le Havre, Honegger lo ọpọlọpọ igba ewe rẹ ni Switzerland, ilẹ-ile ti awọn obi rẹ. O kọ orin lati igba ewe, ṣugbọn kii ṣe eto, boya ni Zurich tabi ni Le Havre. Ni itara, o bẹrẹ lati kọ ẹkọ akojọpọ ni ọjọ-ori ọdun 18 ni Conservatory Paris pẹlu A. Gedalzh (olukọ M. Ravel). Nibi, olupilẹṣẹ iwaju pade D. Milhaud, ẹniti, ni ibamu si Honegger, ni ipa nla lori rẹ, ṣe alabapin si iṣelọpọ awọn ohun itọwo ati iwulo ninu orin ode oni.

Awọn Creative ona ti olupilẹṣẹ wà soro. Ni awọn tete 20s. o wọ inu ẹgbẹ ẹda ti awọn akọrin, eyiti awọn alariwisi pe ni "French Six" (gẹgẹ bi nọmba awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ rẹ). Iduro ti Honegger ni agbegbe yii funni ni iyanju pataki si ifarahan ti awọn ilodi arosọ ati iṣẹ ọna ninu iṣẹ rẹ. O san owo-ori ti o ṣe akiyesi si constructivism ninu ẹgbẹ orchestral rẹ Pacific 231 (1923). Iṣe akọkọ rẹ wa pẹlu aṣeyọri ifamọra, ati pe iṣẹ naa gba olokiki ariwo laarin awọn ololufẹ ti gbogbo iru awọn ọja tuntun. "Mo ni akọkọ ti a npe ni nkan Symphonic Movement,"Honegger Levin. “Ṣugbọn… nigbati mo pari Dimegilio naa, Mo ṣe akole rẹ Pacific 231. Iru ami iyasọtọ ti awọn locomotives nya si ti o gbọdọ da awọn ọkọ oju-irin ti o wuwo”… Ifẹ ti Honegger fun isunmọ ilu ati iṣelọpọ tun ṣe afihan ninu awọn iṣẹ miiran ti akoko yii: ni aworan symphonic “ Rugby" ati ni "Symphonic Movement No.. 3".

Sibẹsibẹ, pelu awọn asopọ ti o ṣẹda pẹlu "Mefa", olupilẹṣẹ nigbagbogbo ti ni iyatọ nipasẹ ominira ti ero-ọnà, eyi ti o ṣe ipinnu laini akọkọ ti idagbasoke iṣẹ rẹ. Tẹlẹ ni aarin-20s. Honegger bẹrẹ lati ṣẹda awọn iṣẹ rẹ ti o dara julọ, jinna eniyan ati tiwantiwa. Àkópọ̀ àmì ilẹ̀ náà ni oratorio “Ọba Dáfídì”. O ṣii ẹwọn gigun kan ti ohun arabara nla rẹ ati awọn frescoes orchestral “Awọn ipe ti Agbaye”, “Judith”, “Antigone”, “Joan ti Arc ni igi”, “Ijó ti Òkú”. Ninu awọn iṣẹ wọnyi, Honegger ni ominira ati ni ẹyọkan ṣe atunto ọpọlọpọ awọn aṣa ni iṣẹ ọna ti akoko rẹ, tiraka lati fi awọn apẹrẹ ihuwasi giga han ti o jẹ iye ayeraye ayeraye. Nitorinaa afilọ si atijọ, Bibeli ati awọn akori igba atijọ.

Awọn iṣẹ ti o dara julọ ti Honegger ti kọja awọn ipele ti o tobi julọ ni agbaye, ti nfa awọn olutẹtisi ni iyanilẹnu pẹlu didan ẹdun ati tuntun ti ede orin. Olupilẹṣẹ funrararẹ ṣe itara bi oludari awọn iṣẹ rẹ ni nọmba awọn orilẹ-ede ni Yuroopu ati Amẹrika. Ni 1928 o ṣàbẹwò Leningrad. Nibi, awọn ibatan ọrẹ ati ẹda ti iṣeto laarin Honegger ati awọn akọrin Soviet, ati paapaa pẹlu D. Shostakovich.

Ninu iṣẹ rẹ, Honegger n wa kii ṣe fun awọn igbero tuntun ati awọn oriṣi, ṣugbọn tun fun olutẹtisi tuntun. "Orin gbọdọ yi awọn eniyan pada ki o si rawọ si awọn ọpọ eniyan," olupilẹṣẹ naa jiyan. “Ṣugbọn fun eyi, o nilo lati yi ihuwasi rẹ pada, di rọrun, ailagbara ati ni awọn iru nla. Awọn eniyan ko ni aibikita si ilana olupilẹṣẹ ati awọn wiwa. Eyi ni iru orin ti Mo gbiyanju lati fun ni "Jeanne ni igi". Mo gbiyanju lati wa ni iraye si awọn olutẹtisi apapọ ati igbadun fun akọrin naa. ”

Awọn ifojusọna tiwantiwa ti olupilẹṣẹ naa rii ikosile ninu iṣẹ rẹ ninu orin ati awọn oriṣi ti a lo. O kọ pupọ fun sinima, redio, itage eré. Di ni 1935 ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti Ẹgbẹ Orin Eniyan Faranse, Honegger, papọ pẹlu awọn akọrin ti nlọsiwaju, darapọ mọ awọn ipo ti Iwaju Olokiki alatako-fascist. Lakoko awọn ọdun wọnyi, o kọ awọn orin ibi-pupọ, ṣe awọn aṣamubadọgba ti awọn orin eniyan, kopa ninu eto orin ti awọn iṣere ni aṣa ti awọn ayẹyẹ nla ti Iyika Faranse Nla. Ilọsiwaju ti o yẹ fun iṣẹ Honegger jẹ iṣẹ rẹ ni awọn ọdun ti o buruju ti iṣẹ fascist ti France. Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti ẹgbẹ atako, lẹhinna o ṣẹda nọmba awọn iṣẹ ti akoonu ti orilẹ-ede jinna. Iwọnyi jẹ Symphony Keji, Awọn orin ti ominira ati orin fun ifihan redio Beats ti Agbaye. Paapọ pẹlu ohun ati ẹda oratorio, awọn orin aladun marun rẹ tun jẹ ti awọn aṣeyọri ti o ga julọ ti olupilẹṣẹ. Awọn ti o kẹhin ninu wọn ni a kọ labẹ ifarahan taara ti awọn iṣẹlẹ ajalu ti ogun naa. Ti n sọ nipa awọn iṣoro sisun ti akoko wa, wọn di ipa pataki si idagbasoke ti ẹya symphonic ti ọgọrun ọdun 5.

Honegger ṣe afihan credo ẹda rẹ kii ṣe ni iṣelọpọ orin nikan, ṣugbọn tun ni awọn iṣẹ iwe-kikọ: o kọ awọn iwe orin 3 ati awọn iwe aiṣe-itan. Pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn koko-ọrọ ninu ohun-ini pataki ti olupilẹṣẹ, awọn iṣoro ti orin ode oni ati iwulo awujọ wa ni aye aarin. Ni awọn ọdun to kẹhin ti igbesi aye rẹ, olupilẹṣẹ gba idanimọ kariaye, jẹ dokita ọlọla ti Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Zurich, o si ṣe olori awọn nọmba ti awọn ajọ orin agbaye ti o ni aṣẹ.

I. Vetlitsyna

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera - Judith (ere ti Bibeli, 1925, 2nd ed., 1936), Antigone (ajalu orin, lib. J. Cocteau lẹhin Sophocles, 1927, tr “De la Monnaie”, Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon, ni apapọ pẹlu G. Iber, da lori eré nipasẹ E. Rostand, 1935, ti a ṣeto ni 1937, Monte Carlo), awọn baluwe – Otitọ jẹ irọ (Vèritè – mensonge, ballet puppet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Irokuro (Phantasie, ballet- sketch , 1922), Labẹ Omi (Sous-marine, 1924, post. 1925, Opera Comic, Paris), Irin Rose (Rose de mètal, 1928, Paris), Cupid ati Psyche ká Igbeyawo (Les noces d 'Amour et Psychè, lori awọn akori ti "French Suites" nipa Bach, 1930, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1931, post. 1933, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1935, Paris), The White Bird ti Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​fun ajọdun ọkọ ofurufu, 1937, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Orin Orin (Le cantique des cantiques, 1938, Grand Opera, Paris), Ibi Awọ (La naissance des couleurs, 1940, ibid.), The Ipe ti awọn òke (L'appel de la montagne, 1943, post. 1945, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (papọ pẹlu A. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1945, Monte Carlo), Eniyan ni a Amotekun Àwọ̀ (L'homme a la peau de lèopard, 1946); operetta – Awọn ìrìn ti King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr “Buff-Parisien”, Paris), Ẹwa lati Moudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr “Jora”, Mézières), Baby Cardinal (Les petites Cardinal , pẹ̀lú J. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); oratorios ipele – Ọba Dafidi (Le roi David, ti o da lori eré nipasẹ R. Moraks, 1st àtúnse – Symphonic Psalm, 1921, tr “Zhora”, Mezieres; 2nd edition – dramatic oratorio, 1923; 3rd edition – opera -oratorio, 1924, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1929, ifiweranṣẹ. 1931, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1931), oratorio dramatic Joan of Arc ni igi (Jeanne d'Arc au bucher, ọrọ nipasẹ P. Claudel, 1935, Spanish 1938, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, ọrọ nipa Claudel, 1938), ìgbésẹ Àlàyé Nicolas de Flue (1939, post. 1941, Neuchâtel), Christmas Cantata (Une cantate de Noel). , nínú àwọn ẹ̀kọ́ ìsìn àti àwọn ìwé àṣàrò kúkúrú, 1953); fun orchestra - 5 symphonies (akọkọ, 1930; keji, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Basel pleasures, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, simfoni ti mẹta res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude si awọn eré "Aglavena ati Selisette" Maeluter tú ” Aglavaine et Sèlysette, 1917), Orin Nigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), The Legend of the Games of the World (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d’ètè). , 1920), Mimic Symphony Horace- olubori (Horace victorieux, 1921), Song of Joy (Chant de joie, 1923), Prelude to Shakespeare's The Tempest (Prèlude pour “La tempete”, 1923), Pacific 231 (Pacific 231, 1923). ). tú Angèlique, 1928), Suite archaique (Suite archaique, 3), Monopartita (Monopartita, 3); ere orin pẹlu onilu - concertino fun piano (1924), fun Volch. (1929), iyẹwu concerto fun fère, English. iwo ati okun. orc. (1948); iyẹwu irinse ensembles - 2 sonatas fun Skr. ati fp. (1918, 1919), sonata fun viola ati piano. (1920), sonata fun vlc. ati fp. (1920), sonatina fun 2 Skr. (1920), sonatina fun clarinet ati piano. (1922), sonatina fun Skr. ati VC. (1932), 3 okun. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody fun 2 fèrè, clarinet ati piano. (1917), Orin iyin fun 10 awọn gbolohun ọrọ (1920), 3 counterpoints fun piccolo, obo, skr. ati VC. (1922), Prelude ati Blues fun duru quartet (1925); fun piano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata ati awọn iyatọ (1916), awọn ege 3 (Aṣaaju, Ifiṣootọ si Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), awọn ege 7 (1920), Sarabande lati awo-orin naa “Mefa” ( 1920), Iwe akiyesi Swiss (Cahier Romand, 1923), Iyasọtọ si Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (fun 2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso ati fughetta lori akori BACH (1932), Partita ( fun 2 fp., 1940), 2 afọwọya (1943), Awọn iranti ti Chopin (Souvenir de Chopm, 1947); fun adashe fayolini - sonata (1940); fun ẹya ara – fugue and chorale (1917), fun fèrè – Dance of the goat (Danse de la chevre, 1919); romances ati awọn orin, pẹlu lori tókàn G. Apollinaire, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure ati awọn miran; orin fun awọn ere itage eré – Awọn Àlàyé ti awọn ere ti awọn World (P. Meralya, 1918), Ijó ti Ikú (C. Larronda, 1919), Newlyweds lori Eiffel Tower (Cocteau, 1921), Saulu (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles – Cocteau, 1922), Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), July 14 (R. Rolland; paapọ pẹlu miiran composers, 1936), Silk slipper (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus - A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare - Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles - A. Mejeeji, 1947), Ipinle ti Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Pẹlu ifẹ kii ṣe awada (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus Ọba (Sophocles - T. Molniera, 1952); orin fun redio - 12 ọpọlọ ni ọganjọ (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery fun akorin ati orc., 1933), Radio panorama (1935), Christopher Columbus (V. Ọjọ ori, redio oratorio, 1940), Lilu ti aye ( Battements du monde, Ọjọ ori, 1944), Ori wura (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1948), St. Francis ti Assisi (Ọdun 1949), Etutu ti François Villon (J. Bruire, 1951); orin fun awọn fiimu (35), pẹlu "Iwa-ipa ati ijiya" (gẹgẹ bi FM Dostoevsky), "Les Misérables" (gẹgẹbi V. Hugo), "Pygmalion" (gẹgẹ bi B. Shaw), "Ifiji" (gẹgẹ bi Sh. F. Ramyu), "Captain Fracas" (gẹgẹ bi T. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Flight lori awọn Atlantic".

Awọn iṣẹ iwe-kikọ: Incantation aux fosiles, Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (Itumọ ede Russian – Mo jẹ olupilẹṣẹ, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Awọn fọto. Documente, Z., (1957).

To jo: Shneerson GM, orin Faranse ti XX orundun, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony nipa ogun ati alaafia, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; rẹ, Diẹ ninu awọn ẹya ara ẹrọ ti A. Honegger's Harmony, ni Sat: Awọn iṣoro ti Ipo, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratorio nipasẹ A. Honegger "Joan of Arc ni igi", ni gbigba: Lati itan ti orin ajeji, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Diẹ ninu awọn ibeere ti A. Honegger ká symphonism, ni gbigba: Lati awọn itan ti awọn ajeji music, M., 1971; ti ara rẹ, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; Pavchinsky S, Awọn iṣẹ Symphonic ti A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; Gerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et ọmọ oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis awọn akọrin, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (Itumọ ede Russian ti awọn ajẹkù – Dumesnil R., Awọn olupilẹṣẹ Faranse ode oni ti ẹgbẹ mẹfa, ed. ati nkan ifihan M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme et ọmọ oeuvre, P., 1964.