Enharmonism |

lati Greek enarmonios – enharmonic, tan. - kọnsonanti, kọnsonanti, isokan

Idogba ni giga awọn ohun ti o yatọ ni akọtọ (fun apẹẹrẹ, des = cis), awọn aaye arin (fun apẹẹrẹ,

chords (as-c-es-ges=as-c-es-fis=gis-his-dis-fis ati bẹbẹ lọ), awọn bọtini (Fis-dur=Ges-dur). Agbekale ti "E." dawọle a 12-igbese (dogba) temperament eto (ri Temperament). O ni idagbasoke ni asopọ pẹlu isọdọtun ti awọn aaye arin ti iran atijọ - chromatic ati enharmonic (wo Chromatism, Enharmonic) - ati isokan ti awọn ohun ti gbogbo awọn ẹya mẹta (pẹlu diatonic) laarin iwọn kan; bayi, laarin awọn ohun ti diatonic. odidi ohun orin, awọn ohun ti awọn mejeeji kekere ati awọn igbesẹ giga ti wa ni gbe, fun apẹẹrẹ. (c) -des-cis-(d) pẹlu commatic iyato laarin awọn giga wọn (nipasẹ P. de Beldemandis, tete 15th orundun; wo: Coussemaker E., Scriptorum…, t. 3, p. 257-58; y H Vicentino, 1555). Ti fipamọ ni awọn imọ-ọrọ ti imọ-jinlẹ. treatises, atijọ enharmonics (ibi ti awọn microintervals yato ni iga) ninu awọn 18th orundun, bi temperament itankale, paapa aṣọ temperament, sinu titun European E. (ibi ti awọn microintervals, fun apẹẹrẹ, eis ati des, tẹlẹ pekinreki ni iga). Agbekale ti "E." yatọ si meji: E. gẹgẹbi ikosile ti idanimọ iṣẹ (palolo tabi irokuro E .; fun apẹẹrẹ, ni Bach ni iwọn didun 1st ti Clavier-Tempered Well-Tempered Clavier, deede ti awọn bọtini es-moll ati dis-moll ni 8th. prelude ati fugue; ni Beethoven ni Adagio 8th fi. Sonata E-dur = Fes-dur) ati bi ikosile ti aidogba iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ("detemperation", AS Ogolevets; gẹgẹbi ofin intonation "didasilẹ loke alapin"), pamọ, ṣugbọn ti a tọju labẹ ideri ti iwọn otutu (ti nṣiṣe lọwọ tabi gidi E., fun apẹẹrẹ, ninu modulation anharmonic nipasẹ hf-as-d=hf-gis-d nigbati o ba n ṣe afihan atunṣe ni Gorislava's cavatina lati Glinka's Ruslan ati Lyudmila).

Iṣẹ ọna. lilo E. ni Europe. orin jẹ ti ibẹrẹ. 16. orundun (A. Willart, duet "Quid non ebrietas"); E. ni lilo pupọ ni chromatic. madrigal ti awọn 16th-17th sehin, paapa awọn Fenisiani ile-iwe. Lati akoko JS Bach, o ti di ọna pataki ti iyipada lojiji, ati Circle ti awọn bọtini 30 ti pataki ati kekere ti o da lori rẹ ti di pataki fun kilasika-romance. Ayika awose ni nitobi. Ni tonal chromatic 20 orundun eto E. ká ajosepo ti wa ni tun gbe si intratonal awọn isopọ, fun apẹẹrẹ. ni ibere ti 3rd apa ti 6th fp. Prokofiev's sonata, chord nVI> ti alefa (ẹgbẹ alapin) jẹ apẹrẹ aladun nipasẹ awọn ohun ti enharmonic ti o jọra si rẹ ni iwọn karun (ẹgbẹ didasilẹ; ni igbasilẹ ti yiyan – simplification enharmonic):

SS Prokofiev. 6th sonata fun piano, apakan III.

Idojukọ E. de alefa ti o pọju ninu orin 12-ohun orin, ninu eyiti iyipada enharmonic di igbagbogbo lemọlemọfún (fun apẹẹrẹ orin kan ti E., wo nkan Dodecaphony).

To jo: Renchitsky PN, Ẹkọ nipa anharmonism, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Ifihan si ironu orin ode oni, M.-L., 1946; Tyulin Yu. (H.), Ẹkọ imọ-jinlẹ kukuru ni ibamu, L., 1960, tunwo. ati afikun., M., 1978; Pereverzev N. (K.), Awọn iṣoro ti innation orin, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Awọn ẹkọ lori ipa ti isokan, M., 1969; Beldemandis P. de., Libellus monocordi (1413), in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Novam seriem…, t. 3, Parisii, 1869, fakiti. atunjade Hildesheim, 1963; Vicentino N., L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica…, Roma, 1555, facsimile. atunjade Kassel, 1959; Scheibe JA, Compendium awọn orin… (c. 1730-36), ni Benary P., Die deutsche Kompositionslehre des 18. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1961; Levitan JS, A. Willaert olokiki duo, “Tijdschrift der Vereeniging vor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis”, 1938, bd 15; Lowinsky EE, Tonality ati atonality ni orin-orin kẹrindilogun, Berk.-Los Ang., 1961.

Yu. N. Kholopov