Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

Ko gba eto-ẹkọ orin alamọdaju. Nígbà tó wà lọ́mọdé, ó kọ́ bí wọ́n ṣe ń ta violin. Ni ọdun 1884 o lọ si AMẸRIKA, nibiti o ti ṣiṣẹ lori awọn ohun ọgbin osan, tẹsiwaju lati ṣe ikẹkọ orin funrararẹ, gba awọn ẹkọ lati ọdọ TF Ward organist agbegbe. O ṣe iwadi itan-akọọlẹ Negro, pẹlu awọn ẹmi-ẹmi, awọn itọsi eyiti a lo ninu suite symphonic “Florida” ( Uncomfortable Dilius, 1886), ewi symphonic “Hiawatha” (lẹhin G. Longfellow), oriki fun akọrin ati akọrin “Appalachian” , opera "Koang" ati awọn miiran. Pada si Yuroopu, o kọ ẹkọ pẹlu H. Sitt, S. Jadasson ati K. Reinecke ni Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

Ni 1887 Dilius ṣabẹwo si Norway; Dilius ni ipa nipasẹ E. Grieg, ẹniti o mọyì talenti rẹ gaan. Lẹ́yìn náà, Dilius kọ orin fún eré ìṣèlú láti ọwọ́ òǹkọ̀wé eré orílè èdè Norway G. Heiberg (“Folkeraadet” – “Ìgbìmọ̀ Eniyan”, 1897); tun pada si akori Nowejiani ni iṣẹ symphonic “Awọn aworan afọwọya ti Orilẹ-ede Ariwa” ati ballad “Lọgan Lori Akoko kan” (“Eventyr”, ti o da lori “Tales Folk of Norway” nipasẹ P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), awọn iyipo orin lori Awọn ọrọ Norwegian ("Lieder auf norwegische Texte" , si awọn orin nipasẹ B. Bjornson ati G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

Ni awọn ọdun 1900 yipada si awọn koko-ọrọ Danish ni opera Fenimore ati Gerda (da lori aramada Niels Lin nipasẹ EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; ifiweranṣẹ. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); tun kọ awọn orin lori Jacobsen, X. Drachmann ati L. Holstein. Lati ọdun 1888 o gbe ni Ilu Faranse, akọkọ ni Ilu Paris, lẹhinna titi di opin igbesi aye rẹ ni Gre-sur-Loing, nitosi Fontainebleau, ṣabẹwo si ilẹ-ile rẹ lẹẹkọọkan. O pade pẹlu IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel ati F. Schmitt.

Lati opin ti awọn 19th orundun Ni awọn iṣẹ ti Dilius, awọn ipa ti awọn Impressionists jẹ ojulowo, eyi ti o jẹ paapa oyè ninu awọn ọna ti orchestration ati awọn colorfulness ti awọn ohun paleti. Iṣẹ ti Dilius, ti a samisi nipasẹ ipilẹṣẹ, sunmọ ni ihuwasi si ewi Gẹẹsi ati kikun ti ipari 19th ati ibẹrẹ awọn ọrundun 20th.

Dilius jẹ ọkan ninu awọn akọrin Gẹẹsi akọkọ lati yipada si awọn orisun orilẹ-ede. Ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ Dilius ni o ni awọn aworan ti iseda Gẹẹsi, ninu eyiti o tun ṣe afihan atilẹba ti ọna igbesi aye Gẹẹsi. Aworan ohun ala-ilẹ rẹ ti kun pẹlu igbona, orin ti ẹmi - iru awọn ege fun akọrin kekere: “Nfetisi cuckoo akọkọ ni orisun omi” (“Ni gbigbọran cuckoo akọkọ ni orisun omi”, 1912), “Alẹ ooru lori odo” ("Oru ooru lori odo", 1912), "Orin kan ṣaaju ki oorun to dide" ("Orin kan ṣaaju ki oorun to dide", 1918).

Ti idanimọ wá si Dilius ọpẹ si awọn iṣẹ ti awọn adaorin T. Beecham, ti o actively igbega rẹ akopo ati ki o ṣeto a Festival igbẹhin si iṣẹ rẹ (1929). Awọn iṣẹ Dilius tun wa ninu awọn eto rẹ nipasẹ GJ Wood.

Iṣẹ atẹjade akọkọ ti Dilius ni The Legend (Legende, fun violin ati orchestra, 1892). Awọn olokiki julọ ninu awọn operas rẹ ni Rural Romeo ati Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), bẹni ni 1st àtúnse ni German (1907, Komische Oper, Berlin), tabi ni English version ("A village Romeo ati Juliet", "Covent Garden", London, 1910) je ko aseyori; nikan ni a titun gbóògì ni 1920 (ibid.) a ti o warmly gba nipasẹ awọn English àkọsílẹ.

Iwa fun iṣẹ siwaju sii ti Dilius jẹ ewi alarinrin elegiac-pastoral akọkọ rẹ “Lori awọn oke ati ti o jinna” (“Lori awọn oke ati ti o jinna”, 1895, Spani 1897), ti o da lori awọn iranti awọn aaye moor ti Yorkshire - awọn Ile-Ile ti Dilius; sunmo rẹ ni ero ẹdun ati awọn awọ ni "Okun Drift" ("Okun-drift") nipasẹ W. Whitman, ẹniti oriki Dilius ni imọlara jinna ti o si tun ṣe ninu "Awọn orin idagbere" ("Awọn orin idagbere", fun akọrin ati akọrin , 1930 -1932).

Awọn iṣẹ orin ti Delius nigbamii ti ni aṣẹ nipasẹ alarinrin aisan si akowe rẹ E. Fenby, onkọwe ti iwe Delius bi mo ti mọ ọ (1936). Awọn iṣẹ aipẹ ti o ṣe pataki julọ Dilius jẹ Orin ti Ooru, Ija Ikọja ati iṣaaju Irmelin fun orchestra, Sonata No.. 3 fun violin.

Awọn akojọpọ: operas (6), pẹlu Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore ati Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); fun Orc. – irokuro Ninu ọgba igba ooru (Ninu ọgba igba ooru, 1908), Ewi ti igbesi aye ati ifẹ (Orin ti igbesi aye ati ifẹ, 1919), Afẹfẹ ati ijó (Air ati ijó, 1925), Orin ooru (Orin ti igba ooru) , 1930) , suites, rhapsodies, awọn ere; fun awọn ohun elo pẹlu Orc. - 4 concertos (fun fp., 1906; fun skr., 1916; ė – fun skr. ati vlch., 1916; fun vlch., 1925), caprice ati elegy fun vlch. (1925); iyẹwu-instr. ensembles - awọn gbolohun ọrọ. quartet (1917), fun Skr. ati fp. – 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), fifehan (1896); fun fp. - 5 ere (1921), 3 preludes (1923); fun akorin pẹlu Orc. - Mass of Life (Eine Messe des Lebens, ti o da lori "Bayi Sọ Zarathustra" nipasẹ F. Nietzsche, 1905), Awọn orin ti Iwọoorun (Awọn orin ti Iwọoorun, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Orin ti Awọn Oke giga (Orin kan ti High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Awọn orin idagbere (lẹhin Whitman, 1932); fun akorin cappella – Orin Wanderer (laisi awọn ọrọ, 1908), Ẹwa sọkalẹ (The splendor falls, after A. Tennyson, 1924); fun ohun pẹlu Orc. – Sakuntala (si awọn ọrọ ti X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, gẹgẹ bi W. Whitman, 1930), ati be be lo .; orin fun awọn ere ere. itage, pẹlu awọn ere "Ghassan, tabi awọn Golden Irin ajo lọ si Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, ifiweranṣẹ. 1923, London) ati ọpọlọpọ awọn miiran. awon miran