Jacques Ibert (Jacques Ibert) |

Jack Ibert

Jacques Ibert (orukọ kikun Jacques Francois Antoine Ibert, August 15, 1890, Paris – February 5, 1962, Paris) je olupilẹṣẹ Faranse kan.

A bi Iber si Antoine Ibert, olutaja, ati Marguerite Lartigue, ibatan keji ti Manuel de Falla. Nígbà tó pé ọmọ ọdún mẹ́rin, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí í kọ́ dùùrù àti dùùrù lábẹ́ ìdarí ìyá rẹ̀. Ni ọdun mejila, o ka iwe-ẹkọ ti isokan nipasẹ Reber ati Dubois, bẹrẹ lati ṣajọ awọn waltzes kekere ati awọn orin. Lẹhin ti o kuro ni ile-iwe, o gba iṣẹ kan gẹgẹbi oluṣakoso ile-itaja lati ṣe iranlọwọ fun baba rẹ, ti iṣowo rẹ ko ni aṣeyọri pupọ. Ni ikọkọ lati ọdọ awọn obi rẹ, o kọ ẹkọ solfeggio ni ikọkọ ati ilana orin, ati pe o tun lọ si awọn kilasi adaṣe nipasẹ Paul Moonet. Mune gba ọ̀dọ́kùnrin náà nímọ̀ràn pé kó yan iṣẹ́ kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí òṣèré, ṣùgbọ́n àwọn òbí Iber kò fara mọ́ èrò yìí, ó sì pinnu láti fi ara rẹ̀ lélẹ̀ pátápátá sí orin.

Ni 1910, lori imọran Manuel de Falla, Iber lo si Conservatoire Paris ati pe a gba ọ gẹgẹbi "olutẹtisi", ati ọdun kan nigbamii - fun ikẹkọ kikun ni awọn kilasi ti counterpoint André Gedalge, isokan - Emile Pessar , tiwqn ati orchestration – Paul Vidal. Lara awọn ẹlẹgbẹ rẹ ni awọn akọrin olokiki ọjọ iwaju Arthur Honegger ati Darius Milhaud. Ibert ṣe igbe aye fifun awọn ẹkọ ikọkọ, ti ndun duru ni awọn sinima ti Montmartre, ati kikọ awọn orin agbejade ati awọn ijó (diẹ ninu eyiti a gbejade labẹ orukọ apeso William Bertie).

Pẹlu ibesile Ogun Agbaye akọkọ, Iber, ti ko dara fun iṣẹ ologun fun awọn idi ilera, sibẹsibẹ lọ si iwaju ni Kọkànlá Oṣù 1914 gẹgẹbi ilana. Ni ọdun 1916, o ṣaisan typhus ati pe a fi agbara mu lati pada si ẹhin. Fun igba diẹ, o darapọ mọ ẹgbẹ awọn olupilẹṣẹ ọdọ Tuntun ti Eric Satie ṣẹda ati kopa ninu ọpọlọpọ awọn ere orin pẹlu Georges Auric, Louis Duray ati Arthur Honegger. Ọdún kan lẹ́yìn náà, Iber dara pọ̀ mọ́ Ọ̀gágun, níbi tó ti gba ipò ọ̀gágun láìpẹ́ tó sì sìn ní Dunkirk fún ọ̀pọ̀ ọdún. Ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1919, ti ko tii ṣe idasilẹ, Iber gba apakan ninu idije fun Ere-idije Rome pẹlu cantata “The Poet and the Fairy” ati lẹsẹkẹsẹ gba Grand Prix, eyiti o fun laaye laaye lati gbe ni Rome fun ọdun mẹta. Ni ọdun kanna, Ibert fẹ Rosette Weber, ọmọbirin ti oluyaworan Jean Weber. Ni Kínní 1920, tọkọtaya naa gbe lọ si Rome, nibiti olupilẹṣẹ ti kọ iṣẹ akọkọ akọkọ fun akọrin - "The Ballad of Reading Prison" ti o da lori orin ti orukọ kanna nipasẹ Oscar Wilde. Awọn Roman akoko ti àtinúdá pẹlu awọn opera "Perseus ati Andromeda", awọn suites "History" fun piano ati "Seaports" fun orchestra. Nikan gbigbe nigbagbogbo ati lasan mimọ yori si otitọ pe ni ọdun 1920 alariwisi orin Henri Collet, “kika” awọn olupilẹṣẹ ọdọ, ko pẹlu Jacques Ibert ninu ẹgbẹ olokiki ati ti ikede pupọ ti “Six”.

Ni ọdun 1923, olupilẹṣẹ pada si Paris, nibiti o ti ṣiṣẹ bi olupilẹṣẹ, o tun kọ akọrin ni Ile-iwe Agbaye. Ọdun mẹta lẹhinna, Iber ra ile kan ni ọgọrun ọdun XNUMX ni Normandy, nibiti o ti lo ọpọlọpọ awọn osu ni ọdun kan, ti o fẹ lati lọ kuro ni ariwo ti ilu naa. Ninu ile yii, yoo ṣẹda awọn akopọ olokiki julọ: Divertimento fun orchestra, opera King Yveto, ballet Knight Errant ati awọn miiran.

Ọdun 1927 jẹ ami nipasẹ ifarahan ti opera “Angelica”, ti a ṣe ni Ilu Paris ati mu olokiki olokiki agbaye ti onkọwe rẹ. Ni awọn ọdun ti o tẹle, Iber ṣiṣẹ pupọ lori orin fun awọn iṣelọpọ ere itage ati awọn fiimu, laarin eyiti Don Quixote (1932) pẹlu Fyodor Chaliapin ni ipo akọle duro jade. Olupilẹṣẹ naa tun ṣẹda nọmba kan ti awọn iṣẹ orchestra, pẹlu Symphony Sea, eyiti, gẹgẹ bi ifẹ rẹ, ko yẹ ki o ṣe titi di iku rẹ.

Ni 1933-1936, Iber kowe Flute Concerto ati Chamber Concertino fun Saxophone, ati awọn ballet nla meji pẹlu orin (ti a fi aṣẹ nipasẹ Ida Rubinstein): Diana of Poitiers ati Knight Errant. Ṣiṣe irin-ajo nla kan ti Yuroopu, ṣe pẹlu awọn iṣẹ rẹ bi oludari, ṣe itọsọna iṣelọpọ akọkọ ti “King Yveto” ni Düsseldorf. Paapọ pẹlu Honegger, opera “Eaglet” ti wa ni ṣiṣẹda.

Ni ọdun 1937, Iber gba ipo oludari ti Ile-ẹkọ giga Faranse ni Rome (fun igba akọkọ lati ọdun 1666, a yan akọrin si ipo yii). O tun yipada si iṣẹ apapọ pẹlu Honegger: operetta "Baby Cardinal", ti a ṣe ni Paris, jẹ aṣeyọri nla kan.

Láti ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ Ogun Àgbáyé Kejì, Ibert ti ṣiṣẹ́ gẹ́gẹ́ bí Ọ̀gágun Attaché ní Ilé Ẹ̀ṣọ́ ilẹ̀ Faransé ní Róòmù. Ni Oṣu Keje ọjọ 10, Ilu Italia wọ inu ogun naa, ati ni ọjọ keji, Iber ati idile rẹ fi Rome silẹ ni ọkọ oju-irin diplomatic kan.

Ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 1940, a yọ Ibert kuro, nipasẹ aṣẹ pataki ti ijọba Vichy, orukọ rẹ ti parẹ kuro ninu atokọ awọn oṣiṣẹ ologun, ati pe awọn iṣẹ rẹ ni a ṣe ewọ lati ṣe. Ni ọdun mẹrin to nbọ, Iber gbe ni ipo ologbele-ofin, tẹsiwaju lati ṣajọ (ni ọdun 1942 o pari ile-iwe lati String Quartet, eyiti o ti bẹrẹ ni ọdun marun sẹhin). Ni Oṣu Kẹwa Ọdun 1942, Iber ṣakoso lati lọ si Switzerland, nibiti o bẹrẹ si ni awọn iṣoro ilera to lagbara (sepsis).

Lẹhin idasilẹ ti Paris ni Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun 1944, Ibert pada si Faranse. Lati 1945 si 1947 olupilẹṣẹ tun ṣe olori Ile-ẹkọ giga Faranse ni Rome. Iber tun kọ orin fun awọn iṣelọpọ iṣere ati awọn fiimu, awọn ballet, ṣe awọn akopọ tirẹ.

Niwon awọn ọdun 1950, Iber bẹrẹ si ni iriri awọn iṣoro pẹlu eto inu ọkan ati ẹjẹ, eyiti o fi agbara mu u lati dawọ ṣiṣẹ ni ere orin ati ẹkọ. Ni 1960 olupilẹṣẹ gbe lati Rome lọ si Paris.

Iber ku ni Oṣu Keji ọjọ 5, ọdun 1962 lati ikọlu ọkan. Ni awọn ọdun to kẹhin ti igbesi aye rẹ, o ṣiṣẹ lori Symphony Keji, eyiti ko pari. Awọn olupilẹṣẹ ti wa ni sin ni Passy oku.

Iber ká iṣẹ daapọ neoclassical ati impressionistic eroja: wípé ati isokan ti fọọmu, aladun ominira, rọ rhythm, lo ri irinse. Iber jẹ oluwa ti divertissement orin, awada ina.

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera - Perseus ati Andromeda (1923 ifiweranṣẹ. 1929, tr "Grand Opera", Paris), Gonzago (1929, Monte Carlo; 1935, tr "Opera apanilerin", Paris), King Yveto (1930, tr-p "Opera Comic", Paris), Eaglet (da lori ere ti orukọ kanna nipasẹ E. Rostand, pẹlu A. Honegger, 1937, Monte Carlo); awọn baluwe - Awọn ipade (idinku naa ni a ṣẹda lori ipilẹ ti piano suite, 1925, Grand Opera, Paris), Diane de Poitiers (choreography nipasẹ M. Fokine, 1934, ibid.), Love Adventures of Jupiter (1946, "Tr Champs). Elysees, Paris), Knight Errant (da lori Cervantes'Don Quixote, orin lati fiimu Don Quixote, choreography nipasẹ S. Lifar, 1950, Grand Opera, Paris), Ijagunmolu ti Chastity (1955, Chicago); operetta - Cardinal Baby (pẹlu Honegger, 1938, tr "Buff-Parisien", Paris); fun soloists, akorin ati orchestra - cantata (1919), Elizabethan suite (1944); fun orchestra – Keresimesi ni Picardy (1914), Harbors (3 symphonic awọn kikun: Rome – Palermo, Tunisia – Nephia, Valencia, 1922), Enchanting Scherzo (1925), Divertimento (1930), Suite Paris (1932), ajọdun Overture (1942) , Orgy (1956); fun irinse ati onilu - Concerto simfoni (fun oboe ati awọn gbolohun ọrọ, 1948), concertos (fun fèrè, 1934; fun wolves ati afẹfẹ ohun elo, 1925), Chamber concertino (fun saxophone, 1935); iyẹwu irinse ensembles – meta (fun skr., wlch. ati duru, 1940), okun quartet (1943), afẹfẹ quintet, ati be be lo; ege fun piano, eto ara, gita; awọn orin; orin ati iṣẹ itage eré – “The Straw Hat” nipa Labish (1929), “July 14” nipa Rolland (paapọ pẹlu miiran French composers, 1936), “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” nipa Shakespeare (1942), ati be be lo .; orin fun awọn fiimu, pẹlu. Don Quixote (pẹlu ikopa ti FI Chaliapin); orin fun awọn ifihan redio - Ajalu ti Dokita Faust (1942), Bluebeard (1943), ati bẹbẹ lọ.