New York Philharmonic |

New York Philharmonic

Atijọ American simfoni Orchestra. Ti a da ni New York ni ọdun 1842 (ni ọdun 1921 Ẹgbẹ Orchestra ti Orilẹ-ede darapọ mọ rẹ, ni ọdun 1928 Orchestra Symphony New York).

Awọn oludari akọkọ ti Orchestra Philharmonic New York ni WK Hill (ti o da New York Philharmonic Society) ati ES Timm, lẹhinna awọn oludari - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865- 76), T Thomas (1877-91, iṣẹ rẹ ṣe alabapin si idagbasoke orin orchestral ni AMẸRIKA), A. Seidl (1891-98) ati E. Paur (1898-1902).

Ni ọdun 1891, PI Tchaikovsky ṣe akoso Orchestra Philharmonic New York ni ṣiṣi ti Carnegie Hall concert hall.

Ni 1902-06, ọpọlọpọ awọn olokiki awọn akọrin ṣe olori awọn onilu, pẹlu L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, ni 1906-09 - a oguna Russian adaorin VI Safonov, ni 1909 - 11 - G. Mahler, ẹniti o pọ si nọmba awọn ere orin ni akoko, gbe awọn ọgbọn ṣiṣe ti ẹgbẹ-orin si ipele ti o ga paapaa. arọpo rẹ ni J. Stransky (1911-22), lẹhinna ṣe nipasẹ V. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27).

Ni 1927-36, Orchestra ti wa ni ṣiṣi nipasẹ A. Toscanini, lakoko awọn ọdun ti iṣẹ rẹ New York Philharmonic Orchestra ti gba olokiki agbaye, ni 1936-43 G. Barbirolli jẹ oludari orin, ni 1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. Orchestra naa tun ṣe nipasẹ awọn akọrin olokiki miiran - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch ati awọn miiran. Ni ọdun 1958-69 Ch. oludari Orchestra Philharmonic New York ni L. Bernstein, lati ọdun 1971 - P. Boulez.

G. Mahler, A. Toscanini ati L. Bernstein ṣe ipa akọkọ ninu dida Orchestra Philharmonic New York gẹgẹbi ẹgbẹ iṣẹ ọna, ni dida aṣa iṣe rẹ ati ni idanimọ rẹ bi akọrin simfoni ti kilasi ti o ga julọ.

Awọn olupilẹṣẹ AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos ati awọn miiran ṣe akoso Orchestra Philharmonic New York nigbati wọn ṣe ọpọlọpọ ninu iṣẹ wọn.

Awọn akọrin ti o tobi julọ ti ṣe leralera pẹlu akọrin: pianists - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, violinists - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti , I. Stern, I. Menuhin ati awọn miiran, awọn akọrin ti agbaye olokiki.

Ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ ti a mọ ni bayi ni akọkọ ṣe nipasẹ Orchestra Philharmonic New York, laarin wọn: Symphony 9th Dvořák (“Lati Aye Tuntun”), TI Stravinsky's Symphony ni awọn ẹya mẹta, Gershwin's Piano Concerto, ati bẹbẹ lọ.

Orchestra Philharmonic New York ṣe alabapin pupọ si idagbasoke igbesi aye orin ni Amẹrika. Nikan ni New York Orchestra lododun yoo fun 120 ere orin, ṣe pẹlu awọn eto redio fun odo. Lati ọdun 1930, Orchestra Philharmonic New York ti n rin kiri ni ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede (ni USSR ni 1959, 1976).

Lati 2002 si 2009 ẹgbẹ-orin naa ni oludari nipasẹ Lorin Maazel. Lati ọdun 2009 titi di isisiyi - Alan Gilbert.

IM Markkov

Awọn oludari Orchestra:

1842-1849 – Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 – Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 – Theodor Eisfeld ati Henry Timm 1855-1856 – Carl Bergman 1856-1858 – Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859g -1859 – Carl Bergman 1865-1865 – Leopold Damrosch 1876-1876 — Theodore Thomas 1877-1877 – Adolf Neuendorf 1878-1878 — Theodore Thomas 1879-1879 – Anton Seidl 1891-1891 – Vasily Safonov 1898—1898 — Gustav Mahler 1902-1902 – Josef Stransky 1903-1906 – Willem Mengelberg 1909—1909 — Arturo Toscanini 1911-1911 – John Barbirolli 1923-1922sky – 1930 Rodurzin-Lea Arturop. Stokowski 1928-1936 – Dimitris Mitropoulos 1936-1941 — Leonard Bernstein 1943-1947 – George Sell 1947-1949 – Pierre Boulez 1949—1950 — Zubin Meta 1949-1958 — Albert Masun 1958