Chromatic eto |
Eto chromatic - eto-igbesẹ mejila, tonality ti o gbooro sii, - eto ibaramu tonal ti o fun laaye, laarin ohun orin ti a fun, kọn ti eyikeyi eto lori kọọkan awọn igbesẹ mejila ti iwọn chromatic.
Pato fun X. pẹlu. jẹ awọn igbesẹ ti ko si ninu boya diatonic tabi awọn ọna ṣiṣe-kekere (wo Diatonic, Major-kekere) ati pe kii ṣe isokan ti awọn ọna ṣiṣe (awọn iyapa) ninu wọn; ninu apẹẹrẹ ti samisi pẹlu awọn akọsilẹ dudu:
Apeere elo ti isokan lati X. pẹlu:
SS Prokofiev. "Betrothal ni Monastery" ("Duenna"), iṣẹlẹ 1. (Chord X. s. n II iṣẹ-ṣiṣe rọpo DV nibi ni ibamu si awọn opo ti tritone aropo.)
Harmony X. s. ni imọlẹ nla ati didan ohun. Nibẹ ni o wa meji ipilẹ iru X. c. - pẹlu titọju ipilẹ mono-mode (chromatic pataki tabi kekere chromatic; ninu awọn iṣẹ ti SS Prokofiev) ati pẹlu ijusile rẹ (tonality chromatic lai ṣe afihan ipo naa; nipasẹ P. Hindemith). Awọn ọna ṣiṣe ti awọn oriṣi mejeeji ni a lo mejeeji pẹlu aarin ni irisi kọnsoner. consonance (wo apẹẹrẹ loke; tun fugue ni C lati Ludus tonalis ti Hindemith), ati pẹlu dissonance. aarin (akori akọkọ ti "Ijo Mimọ Nla" lati "The Rite of Spring" nipasẹ IF Stravinsky; koko akọkọ ti apakan 2nd ti "Lyrical Suite" nipasẹ Berg). Dep. awọn ifarahan ti X. pẹlu. tẹlẹ ri ninu awọn orin ti awọn 19th orundun. (AP Borodin, pipade cadence ti "Polovtsian Dances" lati opera "Prince Igor": HV-I), sugbon o jẹ julọ aṣoju ti tonal orin ti awọn 20 orundun. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern ati awọn miran).
Ni awọn music Imọ ero X. pẹlu. Ti gbe siwaju nipasẹ SI Taneev (1880, 1909) ati BL Yavorsky (1908). Ọrọ naa "tonality chromatic" jẹ lilo nipasẹ Schoenberg (1911). Itumọ ode oni X. s. fun nipasẹ VM Belyaev (1930). Ni apejuwe awọn yii ti X. pẹlu. ni idagbasoke ninu awọn 60s. 20. orundun (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, ati be be lo).
To jo: Taneev SI, Lẹta si PI Tchaikovsky ti ọjọ August 6, 1880, ninu iwe: PI Tchaikovsky - SI Taneev, Awọn lẹta, (M.), 1951; ti ara rẹ, Movable counterpoint ti o muna kikọ, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Ilana ti ọrọ orin, apakan 1, M., 1908; Catuar GL, Ẹkọ ilana ti isokan, awọn apakan 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" nipasẹ Mussorgsky. Iriri ti imọ-ọrọ ati imọ-ọrọ, ninu iwe: Mussorgsky, Awọn nkan ati iwadi, vol. 1, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Ifihan si ironu orin ode oni, M.-L., 1946; Skorik MM, Prokofiev ati Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; ti ara rẹ, Ladovaya eto S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Awọn Symphonies Prokofiev. Ìrírí ìwádìí, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Chromatic eto, "Musicology", vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Ara ti awọn alarinrin Prokofiev, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Itumọ ede Russian - Kohoutek Ts., Ilana Ipilẹṣẹ ni orin ti 1976th orundun, M., XNUMX).
Yu. N. Kholopov
