Egon Wellesz |

Egon Welles

Oníṣègùn olórin àti olùpilẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ará Austria. Dokita ti Imoye (1908). O kọ ẹkọ ni Vienna pẹlu G. Adler (musicology) ati K. Fryuling (piano, isokan) ni ile-ẹkọ giga, ati pẹlu A. Schoenberg (counterpoint, tiwqn).

Ni 1911-15 o kọ itan itan orin ni New Conservatory, lati 1913 - ni University of Vienna (ọjọgbọn niwon 1929).

Lẹhin imudani Austria nipasẹ Nazi Germany, lati 1938 o gbe ni England. O ṣe iṣẹ ikẹkọ ati imọ-jinlẹ ni Royal College of Music ni Ilu Lọndọnu, ni Cambridge, Oxford (o ṣe itọsọna iwadi ti orin Byzantine), Awọn ile-ẹkọ giga Edinburgh, ati tun ni Ile-ẹkọ giga Princeton (USA).

Welles jẹ ọkan ninu awọn oluwadi ti o tobi julọ ti orin Byzantine; oludasile ti Institute of Byzantine Music ni Vienna National Library (1932), kopa ninu ise ti Byzantine Research Institute ni Dumbarton Oaks (USA).

Ọkan ninu awọn oludasilẹ ti awọn monumental àtúnse "Monumenta musicae Byzantinae" ("Monumenta musicae Byzantinae"), ọpọlọpọ awọn ipele ti o pese ominira. Ni igbakanna pẹlu G. Tilyard, o ṣe akiyesi akiyesi Byzantine ti ohun ti a npe ni. “akoko aarin” ati ṣafihan awọn ipilẹ akojọpọ ti orin Byzantine, nitorinaa asọye ipele tuntun ni Byzantology orin.

Ti ṣe alabapin bi onkọwe ati olootu si The New Oxford History of Music; kowe monograph kan nipa A. Schoenberg, awọn nkan ti a tẹjade ati awọn iwe pẹlẹbẹ nipa ile-iwe Viennese tuntun.

Gẹgẹbi olupilẹṣẹ, o ni idagbasoke labẹ ipa ti G. Mahler ati Schoenberg. Kọ awọn opera ati awọn ballets, nipataki lori awọn igbero ti awọn ajalu Giriki atijọ, eyiti a ṣeto ni awọn ọdun 1920. ni imiran ti awọn orisirisi German ilu; laarin wọn ni "Princess Girnar" (1921), "Alcestis" (1924), "Ẹbọ ti a igbekun" ("Opferung der Gefangenen", 1926), "Awada, Ẹtan ati ẹsan" ("Scherz, Akojọ und Rache" , látọwọ́ JW Goethe, 1928) àtàwọn míì; awọn baluwe - "Iyanu ti Diana" ("Das Wunder der Diana", 1924), "Persian Ballet" (1924), "Achilles on Skyros" (1927), ati be be lo.

Welles - onkowe 5 simfoni (1945-58) ati symphonic awọn ewi – “Pre-Spring” (“Vorfrühling”, 1912), “Mars Solemn” (1929), “Spells of Prospero” (“Prosperos Beschwörungen”, ti o da lori “The Tempest” nipasẹ Shakespeare, 1938), cantata pẹlu orchestra, pẹlu "Arin ti Life" ("Mitte des Lebens", 1932); fun akorin ati onilu - iyipo lori awọn ọrọ ti Rilke “Adura ti Awọn ọmọbirin si Iya ti Ọlọrun” (“Gebet der Mudchen zur Maria”, 1909), ere fun piano pẹlu akọrin (1935), 8 okun quartets ati awọn iṣẹ ohun elo iyẹwu miiran, awọn ẹgbẹ, ọpọ eniyan, motets, awọn orin.

Awọn akojọpọ: Ibẹrẹ ti Baroque Orin ati Ibẹrẹ ti Opera ni Vienna, W., 1922; Orin Ijo Byzantine, Breslau, 1927; Awọn eroja ila-oorun ni orin iwọ-oorun, Boston, 1947, Cph., 1967; Itan-akọọlẹ ti orin Byzantine ati hymnography, Oxf., 1949, 1961; Orin ti Ile-ijọsin Byzantine, Cologne, 1959; Ohun elo Tuntun, Vols. 1-2, В., 1928-29; Awọn arosọ lori Opera, L., 1950; Awọn ipilẹṣẹ ti eto ohun orin mejila ti Schönberg, Wash., 1958; Awọn Orin ti Ile-ijọsin Ila-oorun, Basel, 1962.

To jo: Schollum R., Egon Wellesz, W., 1964.

Yu.V. Keldysh