Ernest Chausson |
Awọn akoonu
Ernest chausson
O kọ ẹkọ ni Conservatory Paris ni kilasi akopọ ti J. Massenet (1880). Ni 1880-83 o gba awọn ẹkọ lati S. Frank. Lati 1889 o jẹ akọwe ti National Musical Society. Tẹlẹ awọn iṣẹ ibẹrẹ ti Chausson, nipataki awọn iyika ohun (awọn orin meje si awọn orin nipasẹ Ch. Leconte de Lisle, A. Sylvester, T. Gauthier, ati awọn miiran, 7-1879), ṣafihan penchant rẹ fun titumọ, awọn orin alala.
Orin Chausson jẹ ijuwe nipasẹ mimọ, ayedero ti ikosile, isọdọtun ti awọ. Ipa Massenet jẹ akiyesi ni awọn iṣẹ ibẹrẹ rẹ (awọn orin 4 si awọn orin nipasẹ M. Bouchor, 1882-88, bbl), nigbamii – R. Wagner: orin alarinrin “Vivian” (1882), opera “King Arthus” (1886) -1895) kọ lori awọn igbero ti awọn Lejendi ti ki-npe ni. awọn ọmọ Arthurian (nitori eyi ti apéerẹìgbìyànjú pẹlu awọn iṣẹ ti Wagner jẹ paapa ko o). Bibẹẹkọ, ni idagbasoke igbero ti opera, Chausson jinna si imọran airotẹlẹ ti Tristan ati Isolde. Olupilẹṣẹ kọ eto ti o gbooro ti leitmotifs (awọn akori orin mẹrin ṣiṣẹ bi ipilẹ fun idagbasoke), ipa pataki ti ibẹrẹ ohun elo.
Ni nọmba kan ti awọn iṣẹ ti Chausson, ipa ti iṣẹ Frank tun jẹ laiseaniani, ti o han ni akọkọ ninu 3-apakan simfoni (1890), ninu awọn ilana ti igbekalẹ ati idagbasoke iwuri; ni akoko kanna, awọn ti refaini, faded orchestral awọ, lyrical intimacy (2nd apa) jẹri si Chausson ká ife gidigidi fun awọn orin ti awọn odo C. Debussy (acquaintance pẹlu ẹniti ni 1889 yipada sinu kan ore ti o fi opin si fere titi Chausson iku).
Ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ ti awọn 90s, fun apẹẹrẹ, awọn Greenhouses ọmọ ("Les serres chaudes", to lyrics nipa M. Maeterlinck, 1893-96), pẹlu wọn restrained kika, exquisitely riru harmonic ede (lilo jakejado awọn modulations), subtlety ohun paleti. , le ti wa ni Wọn si tete impressionism. "Ewi" fun violin ati orchestra (1896), ti o ni imọran pupọ nipasẹ Debussy ati ti o ṣe nipasẹ ọpọlọpọ awọn violinists, gba olokiki ni pato.
Awọn akojọpọ:
awọn opera - Awọn ifẹ ti Marianne (Les caprices de Marianne, ti o da lori ere nipasẹ A. de Musset, 1884), Elena (gẹgẹbi Ch. Leconte de Lisle, 1886), Ọba Arthus (Le roi Arthus, lib. Sh., 1895). , ifiweranṣẹ 1903, t -r "De la Monnaie", Brussels); cantata Arab (L'arabe, fun skr., akọrin akọrin ati akọrin, 1881); fun orchestra - Simfoni B-dur (1890), simfoni. Awọn ewi Vivian (1882, 2nd àtúnse 1887), Solitude ninu igbo (Solitude dans les bois, 1886), ajọdun aṣalẹ (Soir de fkte, 1898); Ewi Es-dur fun Skr. pẹlu Orc. (1896); Orin iyin Vediki fun akorin pẹlu orch. (Hymne védique, awọn orin nipasẹ Lecomte de Lisle, 1886); fun awpn obirin p?lu fp. Orin Igbeyawo (Orin igbeyawo, awọn orin nipasẹ Leconte de Lisle, 1887), Orin isinku (Orin funebre, awọn orin nipasẹ W. Shakespeare, 1897); fun cappella akorin – Jeanne d'Arc (orin orin fun adashe ati akọrin obinrin, 1880, o ṣee a ajeku ti ohun unrealized opera), 8 motets (1883-1891), Ballad (lyrics nipa Dante, 1897) ati awọn miiran; iyẹwu irinse ensembles – fp. meta g-moll (1881), fp. quartet (1897, pari nipa V. d'Andy), awọn okun. quartet ni c-kere (1899, unfinished); ere fun skr., fp. ati awọn gbolohun ọrọ. mẹ́rin (1891); fun piano - 5 fantasies (1879-80), sonatina F-dur (1880), Landscape (Paysage, 1895), Orisirisi awọn ijó (Quelques danses, 1896); fun ohun ati onilu – Oriki Ife ati Okun (Poeme de l'amour et de la mer, lyrics by Bouchor, 1892), Orin Ayérayé (Chanson perpetuelle, lyrics by J. Cro, 1898); fun ohùn ati duru - awọn orin (St. 50) lori tókàn. Lecomte de Lisle, T. Gauthier, P. Bourget, Bouchor, P. Verlaine, Maeterlinck, Shakespeare ati awọn miiran; 2 duet (1883); orin fun awọn ere itage eré - The Tempest nipasẹ Shakespeare (1888, Petit Theatre de Marionette, Paris), Awọn Àlàyé ti St. Caecilians "nipasẹ Bouchor (1892, ibid.), "Ẹiyẹ" nipa Aristophanes (1889, ko post.).
VA Kulakov
