Gennady Rozhdestvensky |

Gennady Rozhdestvensky

Gennady Rozhdestvensky jẹ eniyan didan ati talenti ti o lagbara, igberaga ti aṣa orin Russia. Ipele kọọkan ti iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ẹda ti akọrin olokiki agbaye jẹ apakan nla ti igbesi aye aṣa ti akoko wa, ti a pinnu lati ṣe iranṣẹ Orin, “iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti mu Ẹwa” (ninu awọn ọrọ tirẹ).

Gennady Rozhdestvensky graduated lati Moscow State Conservatory ni piano pẹlu Lev Oborin ati ni ifọnọhan pẹlu baba rẹ, awọn dayato adaorin Nikolai Anosov, bi daradara bi postgraduate-ẹrọ ni Conservatory.

Ọpọlọpọ awọn oju-iwe ti o ni imọlẹ ti igbesi aye ẹda ti Gennady Rozhdestvensky ni o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu Bolshoi Theatre. Lakoko ti o jẹ ọmọ ile-iwe ni ile-ẹkọ giga, o ṣe akọbi rẹ pẹlu Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty (olukọni ọdọ naa ṣe gbogbo iṣẹ ṣiṣe laisi Dimegilio!). Ni ọdun 1951 kanna, ti o ti kọja idije ti o yẹ, o gba bi oludari ballet ti Bolshoi Theatre o si ṣiṣẹ ni agbara yii titi di ọdun 1960. Rozhdestvensky ṣe awọn ballets The Fountain of Bakhchisaray, Swan Lake, Cinderella, The Tale of the Stone Flower ati awọn iṣẹ miiran ti itage, ṣe alabapin ninu iṣelọpọ ballet R. Shchedrin The Little Humpbacked Horse (1960). Ni ọdun 1965-70. Gennady Rozhdestvensky ni oludari oludari ti Theatre Bolshoi. Rẹ itage repertoire to wa nipa ogoji operas ati ballets. Oludari naa ṣe alabapin ninu awọn iṣelọpọ ti Khachaturian's Spartacus (1968), Bizet-Shchedrin's Carmen Suite (1967), Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker (1966) ati awọn miiran; fun igba akọkọ lori awọn Russian ipele ti ṣe awọn operas The Human Voice nipasẹ Poulenc (1965), Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream (1965). Ni 1978 o pada si Bolshoi Theatre bi ohun opera adaorin (titi 1983), kopa ninu isejade ti awọn nọmba kan ti opera ere, laarin wọn Shostakovich's Katerina Izmailova (1980) ati Prokofiev's Betrothal ni Monastery (1982). Ni ọpọlọpọ ọdun nigbamii, ni iranti aseye, akoko 225 ti Theatre Bolshoi, Gennady Rozhdestvensky di oludari iṣẹ ọna gbogbogbo ti Theatre Bolshoi (lati Oṣu Kẹsan si Oṣu Karun ọdun 2000), lakoko yii o ṣe agbekalẹ ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ akanṣe fun itage naa o si pese awọn ohun elo. aye afihan ti Prokofiev ká The Gambler opera ni akọkọ onkowe ká itọsọna.

Ni awọn ọdun 1950 orukọ Gennady Rozhdestvensky di mimọ si awọn onijakidijagan ti orin aladun. Fun diẹ ẹ sii ju idaji ọgọrun-un ti iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ẹda, maestro Rozhdestvensky ti jẹ oludari ti o fẹrẹ jẹ gbogbo olokiki olokiki Russian ati awọn apejọ simfoni ajeji. Ni 1961-1974 o jẹ oludari oludari ati oludari iṣẹ ọna ti BSO ti Central Television ati All-Union Radio. Lati 1974 si 1985, G. Rozhdestvensky jẹ oludari orin ti Moscow Chamber Musical Theatre, nibiti, papọ pẹlu oludari Boris Pokrovsky, o sọji awọn operas The Nose nipasẹ DD Shostakovich ati Ilọsiwaju Rake nipasẹ IF Stravinsky, ṣe ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣafihan ti o nifẹ si. . Ni ọdun 1981, oludari ṣẹda Orchestra Symphony State ti Ile-iṣẹ ti Aṣa ti USSR. Ọdun mẹwa ti olori ẹgbẹ yii di akoko ṣiṣẹda awọn eto ere orin alailẹgbẹ.

Onitumọ ti o tobi julọ ti orin ti 300th orundun, Rozhdestvensky ṣe afihan ara ilu Russia si ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ aimọ nipasẹ A. Schoenberg, P. Hindemith, B. Bartok, B. Martin, O. Messiaen, D. Milhaud, A. Honegger; ni pato, o pada si Russia awọn julọ ti Stravinsky. Labẹ itọsọna rẹ, awọn afihan ti ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ nipasẹ R. Shchedrin, S. Slonimsky, A. Eshpay, B. Tishchenko, G. Kancheli, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov ti ṣe. Ilowosi ti oludari si iṣakoso ohun-ini ti S. Prokofiev ati D. Shostakovich tun jẹ pataki. Gennady Rozhdestvensky di oṣere akọkọ ni Russia ati ni ilu okeere ti ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ nipasẹ Alfred Schnittke. Ni gbogbogbo, ṣiṣe pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn akọrin olorin agbaye, o ṣe awọn ege 150 fun igba akọkọ ni Russia ati ju XNUMX fun igba akọkọ ni agbaye. R. Shchedrin, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina ati ọpọlọpọ awọn olupilẹṣẹ miiran ṣe igbẹhin awọn iṣẹ wọn si Rozhdestvensky.

Ni aarin 70s, Gennady Rozhdestvensky ti di ọkan ninu awọn oludari ti o bọwọ julọ ni Yuroopu. Lati ọdun 1974 si ọdun 1977 o ṣe olori Orchestra Philharmonic Symphony Stockholm, lẹhinna o ṣe itọsọna Ẹgbẹ Orchestra BBC London (1978-1981), Orchestra Symphony Vienna (1980-1982). Ni afikun, ni awọn ọdun Rozhdestvensky ṣiṣẹ pẹlu Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Amsterdam), London, Chicago, Cleveland ati Tokyo Symphony Orchestras (ọlá ati oludari lọwọlọwọ ti Orchestra Yomiuri) ati awọn apejọ miiran.

Ni apapọ, Rozhdestvensky pẹlu ọpọlọpọ awọn akọrin ti o gbasilẹ lori awọn igbasilẹ 700 ati awọn CD. Oludari naa ṣe igbasilẹ awọn iyipo ti gbogbo awọn symphonies nipasẹ S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, G. Mahler, A. Glazunov, A. Bruckner, ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ nipasẹ A. Schnittke lori awọn apẹrẹ. Awọn gbigbasilẹ oludari ti gba awọn ẹbun: Grand Prix ti Le Chant Du Monde, iwe-ẹkọ giga lati Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Charles Cros ni Ilu Paris (fun awọn igbasilẹ ti gbogbo awọn alarinrin Prokofiev, 1969).

Rozhdestvensky jẹ onkọwe ti awọn akopọ pupọ, laarin eyiti o jẹ oratorio monumental “Aṣẹ kan si Awọn eniyan Rọsia” fun oluka kan, awọn alarinrin, akọrin ati akọrin si awọn ọrọ A. Remizov.

Gennady Rozhdestvensky ya akoko pupọ ati agbara ẹda si ikọni. Niwon 1974 o ti nkọ ni Sakaani ti Opera ati Symphony Conducting ti Moscow Conservatory, niwon 1976 o ti jẹ professor, niwon 2001 o ti jẹ olori ti Ẹka Opera ati Symphony Conducting. G. Rozhdestvensky mu soke kan galaxy ti abinibi conductors, laarin wọn awọn eniyan olorin ti Russia Valery Polyansky ati Vladimir Ponkin. Maestro kowe o si tẹjade awọn iwe “Ika Oludari”, “Awọn ero lori Orin” ati “Awọn igun mẹtta”; Iwe "Preambles" ni awọn ọrọ asọye pẹlu eyiti o ṣe ninu awọn ere orin rẹ, ti o bẹrẹ lati 1974. Ni 2010, iwe tuntun rẹ, Mosaic, ti tẹjade.

Awọn iṣẹ ti GN Rozhdestvensky si aworan jẹ aami nipasẹ awọn akọle ọlá: Olorin eniyan ti USSR, Akoni ti Socialist Labor, laureate ti Lenin Prize. Gennady Rozhdestvensky - Ọmọ ẹgbẹ ola ti Royal Swedish Academy, Ọla Academician ti English Royal Academy of Music, professor. Lara awọn ẹbun ti akọrin: aṣẹ Bulgarian ti Cyril ati Methodius, Ilana Japanese ti Iladide Sun, Ilana ti Ilu Rọsia ti Merit fun Baba, IV, III ati II iwọn. Ni 2003, Maestro gba akọle ti Officer of the Order of the Legion of Honor of France.

Gennady Rozhdestvensky jẹ symphonic ti o wuyi ati oludari itage, pianist, olukọ, olupilẹṣẹ, onkọwe ti awọn iwe ati awọn nkan, agbọrọsọ ti o dara julọ, oniwadi, imupadabọ ti ọpọlọpọ awọn ikun, alamọdaju ti aworan, alamọdaju ti awọn iwe-kikọ, olupilẹṣẹ itara, erudite. “Polyphony” ti awọn iwulo Maestro ṣe afihan ararẹ ni iwọn kikun ni “itọsọna” ti awọn eto ṣiṣe alabapin ọdọọdun rẹ pẹlu Ẹgbẹ Ẹkọ Symphony ti Ilu Russia, eyiti Moscow Philharmonic ti waye fun ọdun mẹwa 10.

Orisun: Oju opo wẹẹbu Philharmonic Moscow