Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Mo fi iṣẹ́ mi sí mímọ́ fún ìgbà èwe títí láé. Mo lè sọ láìsí àsọdùn pé nígbà tí mo bá kọ orin tuntun tàbí orin mìíràn, mo máa ń sọ̀rọ̀ sí i lọ́kàn nígbà èwe wa. I. Dunayevsky

Talent nla ti Dunayevsky ni a fi han si iwọn ti o ga julọ ni aaye ti awọn oriṣi “imọlẹ”. O jẹ ẹlẹda ti orin ọpọ ilu Soviet kan, orin jazz atilẹba, awada orin, operetta. Olupilẹṣẹ n wa lati kun awọn iru ti o sunmọ ọdọ ọdọ pẹlu ẹwa tootọ, oore-ọfẹ arekereke, ati itọwo iṣẹ ọna giga.

Ohun-ini ẹda ti Dunaevsky jẹ nla pupọ. O ni 14 operettas, 3 ballets, 2 cantatas, 80 choirs, 80 songs and romances, music for 88 drama performances and 42 films, 43 compounds for various and 12 for jazz orchestra, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic and 47 piano works.

Dunayevsky a bi ninu ebi ti ohun abáni. Orin tẹle e lati igba ewe. Awọn irọlẹ orin ti o ni ilọsiwaju nigbagbogbo waye ni ile Dunaevsky, nibiti, pẹlu ẹmi bated, Isaac kekere tun wa. Ní àwọn ọjọ́ Sunday, ó sábà máa ń tẹ́tí sí ẹgbẹ́ akọrin nínú ọgbà ìlú, nígbà tó bá sì pa dà sílé, ó máa ń fi etí kó àwọn orin duru àti duru tí ó rántí. Isinmi gidi kan fun ọmọkunrin naa ni awọn ibẹwo si ile-iṣere naa, nibiti ere-ere Ti Ukarain ati Russian ati awọn ẹgbẹ opera ṣe lori irin-ajo.

Ni awọn ọjọ ori ti 8 Dunaevsky bẹrẹ lati ko eko lati mu awọn fayolini. Awọn aṣeyọri rẹ jẹ ohun ijqra pe tẹlẹ ni 1910 o di ọmọ ile-iwe ti Kharkov Musical College ni kilasi violin ti Ọjọgbọn K. Gorsky, lẹhinna I. Ahron, violin ti o wuyi, olukọ ati olupilẹṣẹ. Dunayevsky tun ṣe iwadi pẹlu Ahron ni Kharkov Conservatory, lati eyiti o pari ni 1919. Ni awọn ọdun igbimọ rẹ, Dunayevsky kọ ọpọlọpọ. Olukọni akopọ rẹ ni S. Bogatyrev.

Lati igba ewe, ti o ti ṣubu ni ifẹ pẹlu itage, Dunayevsky, laisi iyemeji, wa si ọdọ rẹ lẹhin ayẹyẹ ipari ẹkọ lati ile-ẹkọ giga. “Àwọn ilé ìwòran eré Sinelnikov ni a kà sí ìgbéraga Kharkov lọ́nà tí ó tọ̀nà,” olùdarí iṣẹ́ ọnà rẹ̀ sì jẹ́ “ọ̀kan lára ​​àwọn olókìkí jùlọ nínú ilé ìtàgé Rọ́ṣíà.”

Ni akọkọ, Dunaevsky ṣiṣẹ bi violinist-accompanist ni orchestra, lẹhinna bi oludari ati, nikẹhin, bi ori apakan orin ti itage naa. Ni akoko kanna, o kọ orin fun gbogbo awọn iṣẹ tuntun.

Ni 1924, Dunaevsky gbe lọ si Moscow, ni ibi ti fun nọmba kan ti odun o sise bi awọn gaju ni director ti awọn Hermitage orisirisi itage. Ni akoko yii, o kọ awọn operettas akọkọ rẹ: “Mejeeji si tiwa ati tirẹ”, “Awọn ọkọ iyawo”, “Ọbẹ”, “Iṣẹ-iṣẹ Prime Minister”. Ṣugbọn awọn wọnyi nikan ni awọn igbesẹ akọkọ. Awọn afọwọṣe gidi ti olupilẹṣẹ naa han nigbamii.

Ọdun 1929 di iṣẹlẹ pataki ni igbesi aye Dunayevsky. Akoko tuntun, ogbo ti iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ẹda rẹ bẹrẹ, eyiti o mu olokiki ti o tọ si. Dunayevsky ti pe nipasẹ oludari orin si Ile-iṣẹ Orin Leningrad. "Pẹlu ifaya rẹ, ọgbọn ati ayedero, pẹlu iṣẹ-ṣiṣe giga rẹ, o gba ifẹ otitọ ti gbogbo ẹgbẹ ẹda," ṣe iranti olorin N. Cherkasov.

Ni Leningrad Music Hall, L. Utyosov ṣe nigbagbogbo pẹlu jazz rẹ. Nitorinaa ipade ti awọn akọrin agbayanu meji kan wa, eyiti o yipada si ọrẹ igba pipẹ. Dunaevsky lẹsẹkẹsẹ nifẹ si jazz o bẹrẹ si kọ orin fun apejọ Utyosov. O ṣẹda awọn rhapsodies lori awọn orin olokiki ti awọn olupilẹṣẹ Soviet, lori Russian, Ukrainian, awọn akori Juu, irokuro jazz lori awọn akori ti awọn orin tirẹ, ati bẹbẹ lọ.

Dunayevsky ati Utyosov ṣiṣẹ pọ nigbagbogbo. "Mo nifẹ awọn ipade wọnyi," Utyosov kowe. - "Mo jẹ iyanilenu paapaa ni Dunaevsky nipasẹ agbara lati fi ararẹ fun orin patapata, kii ṣe akiyesi agbegbe.”

Ni ibẹrẹ 30s. Dunayevsky yipada si orin fiimu. O di ẹlẹda ti oriṣi tuntun - awada fiimu orin. Akoko tuntun, ti o ni imọlẹ ni idagbasoke ti orin ibi-pupọ Soviet, eyiti o wọ inu igbesi aye lati iboju fiimu, tun ni nkan ṣe pẹlu orukọ rẹ.

Ni 1934, fiimu "Merry Fellows" han lori awọn iboju ti awọn orilẹ-ede pẹlu Dunaevsky ká music. Fiimu naa ni itara gba nipasẹ awọn olugbo ọpọ eniyan. "March of the Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) gangan rìn kọja awọn orilẹ-ede, lọ ni ayika gbogbo aye ati ki o di ọkan ninu awọn akọbi okeere odo songs ti wa akoko. Ati olokiki "Kakhovka" lati fiimu "Awọn ẹlẹgbẹ mẹta" (1935, aworan. M. Svetlova)! Àwọn ọ̀dọ́ ló fi ìtara kọ ọ́ láwọn ọdún tí wọ́n fi ń kọ́ àwọn èèyàn lálàáfíà. O tun jẹ olokiki lakoko Ogun Patriotic Nla. Orin ti Iya Ilu lati fiimu Circus (1936, aworan nipasẹ V. Lebedev-Kumach) tun gba olokiki agbaye. Dunayevsky tun kọ ọpọlọpọ orin iyanu fun awọn fiimu miiran: "Awọn ọmọde ti Captain Grant", "Awọn oluwadi Ayọ", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Bride", "Volga-Volga", "Path Light", "Kuban Cossacks".

Ifarabalẹ nipasẹ iṣẹ fun sinima, kikọ awọn orin olokiki, Dunaevsky ko yipada si operetta fun ọdun pupọ. O pada si oriṣi ayanfẹ rẹ ni ipari 30s. tẹlẹ a ogbo titunto si.

Lakoko Ogun Patriotic Nla, Dunayevsky ṣe itọsọna orin ati apejọ ijó ti Central House of Culture of Railway Workers. Nibikibi ti ẹgbẹ yii ṣe - ni agbegbe Volga, ni Central Asia, ni Iha Iwọ-oorun, ni Urals ati ni Siberia, fifi agbara si awọn oṣiṣẹ iwaju ile, igbẹkẹle ninu iṣẹgun ti Soviet Army lori ọta. Ni akoko kanna, Dunayevsky kọ akọni, awọn orin lile ti o gba olokiki ni iwaju.

Níkẹyìn, awọn ti o kẹhin salvos ti awọn ogun ra jade. Orílẹ̀-èdè náà ń wo ọgbẹ́ rẹ̀ sàn. Ati ni Oorun, olfato ti gunpowder lẹẹkansi.

Láàárín àwọn ọdún wọ̀nyí, ìjàkadì fún àlàáfíà ti di góńgó àkọ́kọ́ ti gbogbo ènìyàn tí ó ní ìfẹ́-ọkàn rere. Dunayevsky, gẹgẹbi ọpọlọpọ awọn oṣere miiran, ni ipa ninu ijakadi alafia. Ni Oṣu Kẹjọ Ọjọ 29, Ọdun 1947, operetta rẹ “Free Wind” waye pẹlu aṣeyọri nla ni Ile-iṣere Operetta Moscow. Akori ti Ijakadi fun alaafia tun wa ninu fiimu alaworan pẹlu orin nipasẹ Dunaevsky "A wa fun alaafia" (1951). Orin orin alarinrin kan lati inu fiimu yii, “Fly, adaba,” ti gba olokiki agbaye. O di aami ti VI World Youth Festival ni Moscow.

Iṣẹ ikẹhin Dunaevsky, operetta White Acacia (1955), jẹ apẹẹrẹ ti o dara julọ ti operetta lyrical Soviet. Pẹlu itara wo ni olupilẹṣẹ naa kọ “orin swan” rẹ, eyiti ko ni lati “kọ jade” rara! Iku ti lu u lulẹ larin iṣẹ rẹ. Olupilẹṣẹ K. Molchanov pari operetta gẹgẹbi awọn aworan afọwọya ti Dunayevsky fi silẹ.

Ibẹrẹ ti "Acacia White" waye ni Oṣu kọkanla ọjọ 15, ọdun 1955 ni Ilu Moscow. O ti ṣeto nipasẹ Odessa Theatre of Musical Comedy. Olórí àgbà ilé ìtàgé I. Grinshpun kọ̀wé pé: “Ó sì bani nínú jẹ́ láti ronú pé Isaak Osipovich kò rí Acacia White lórí pèpéle, kò lè jẹ́ ẹlẹ́rìí sí ayọ̀ tí ó fún àwọn òṣèré àti àwùjọ. … Ṣugbọn o jẹ ayọ eniyan olorin!

M. Komissarskaya

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn baluwe – Iyokù ti a Faun (1924), ọmọ ballet Murzilka (1924), City (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); operetta - Mejeeji tiwa ati tirẹ (1924, ifiweranṣẹ. 1927, Moscow Theatre of Musical Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theatre ti a npè ni lẹhin VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; 2nd àtúnse. 1938, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Ọbẹ (1928, Moscow Satire Theatre), Premiere Career (1929, Tashkent Operetta Theatre), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Milionu Torments (1932, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1938, ibid. ), Golden Valley (2, , Ibid. ), Golden Valley ibid .; 1955nd àtúnse 1941, ibid.), Awọn opopona si Ayọ (1947, Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1960, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Ọmọ Clown (orukọ atilẹba . - The Flying Clown, 3, ibid). ), White Acacia (ohun elo nipasẹ G. Cherny, fi nọmba ballet sii "Palmushka" ati orin Larisa ni igbese 1955rd ni a kọ nipasẹ KB Molchanov lori awọn akori Dunaevsky; XNUMX, ibid.); kantata - A yoo wa (1945), Leningrad, a wa pẹlu rẹ (1945); orin fun awọn fiimu - Platoon akọkọ (1933), ti a bi lẹmeji (1934), Awọn eniyan aladun (1934), awọn ina goolu (1934), awọn ẹlẹgbẹ mẹta (1935), Ọna ti ọkọ (1935), Ọmọbinrin Iya (1936), Arakunrin (1936), Circus (1936), Ọdọmọbìnrin kan ti o yara ni Ọjọ kan (1936), Awọn ọmọde ti Captain Grant (1936), Awọn oluwadi Ayọ (1936), Wind Fair (pẹlu BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto (1937), Iyawo Olowo (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Ona Imọlẹ (1940), Ifẹ mi (1940), Ile Tuntun (1946), Orisun omi (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Mashenka's concert (1949), A wa fun aye (1951), Winged Defense (1953), aropo (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Idanwo ti Loyalty (1954); awọn orin, pẹlu. Ọna jijin (awọn orin nipasẹ EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Awọn Bayani Agbayani ti Khasan (awọn orin nipasẹ VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), Lori ọta, fun Ilu Iya, siwaju (awọn orin nipasẹ Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), Moscow mi (awọn orin ati Lisyansky ati S. Agranyan, 1942), March Military ti awọn Reluwe Workers (lyrics nipa SA Vasiliev, 1944), Mo ti lọ lati Berlin (lyrics nipa LI Oshanin, 1945), Song nipa Moscow (lyrics nipa B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Ways -roads (lyrics nipa S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), Emi ni ohun atijọ iya lati Rouen (lyrics nipa G. Rublev, 1949), Song ti awọn odo (lyrics nipa ML Matusovsky, 1951), School Waltz (lyrics. Matusovsky). , 1952), Waltz Evening (awọn orin nipasẹ Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (awọn orin nipasẹ Matusovsky, 1954) ati awọn omiiran; orin fun awọn ere ere, awọn ifihan redio; orin agbejade, pẹlu. itage jazz awotẹlẹ Music Store (1932), ati be be lo.