Nikolai Yakovlevich Afanasiev |

Nicolai Afanasiev

O kọ orin labẹ itọsọna baba rẹ, violinist Yakov Ivanovich Afanasiev. Ni 1838-41 violinist ti awọn Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra. Ni 1841-46 bandmaster ti awọn serf itage ti awọn onile II Shepelev ni Vyksa. Ni 1851-58 violinist ti Petersburg Italian Opera. Ni 1853-83 o jẹ olukọ ni Smolny Institute (kilasi piano). Niwon 1846 o fun ọpọlọpọ awọn ere orin (ni 1857 - ni Western Europe).

Ọkan ninu awọn ti Russian violinists, a asoju ti awọn romantic ile-iwe. Onkọwe ti awọn iṣẹ lọpọlọpọ, laarin eyiti o duro jade ni okun quartet "Volga" (1860, RMO Prize, 1861), da lori idagbasoke awọn orin ti awọn eniyan ti agbegbe Volga. Awọn quartets okun rẹ ati awọn quintets jẹ awọn apẹẹrẹ ti o niyelori ti orin iyẹwu Russia ni akoko ti o ṣaju awọn akopọ iyẹwu ti AP Borodin ati PI Tchaikovsky.

Ninu iṣẹ rẹ, Afanasiev lo awọn ohun elo itan pupọ (fun apẹẹrẹ, Quartet Juu, Piano quintet Reminiscence ti Ilu Italia, Tatar jó pẹlu akọrin lati opera Ammalat-Bek). Cantata rẹ "Ajọdun ti Peteru Nla" jẹ olokiki ( Ere RMO, 1860).

Pupọ julọ awọn akopọ Afanasiev (awọn operas 4, awọn ere orin 6, oratorio, awọn ere orin violin 9, ati ọpọlọpọ awọn miiran) wa ninu awọn iwe afọwọkọ (wọn wa ni fipamọ sinu ile-ikawe orin ti Leningrad Conservatory).

Arakunrin Afanasiev - Alexander Yakovlevich Afanasiev (1827 – iku aimọ) – cellist ati pianist. Ni 1851-71 o ṣiṣẹ ninu ẹgbẹ-orin ti Bolshoi (lati 1860 Mariinsky) Theatre ni St. Kopa ninu awọn irin-ajo ere orin arakunrin rẹ bi alarinrin.

Awọn akojọpọ:

operas - Ammalat-Bek (1870, Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg), Stenka Razin, Vakula the Blacksmith, Taras Bulba, Kalevig; ere fun vlc. pẹlu Orc. (clavier, àdàkọ. 1949); iyẹwu-instr. ensembles - 4 quintets, 12 okun. awọn merin mẹrin; fun fp. – sonata (Expanse), Sat. awọn ere (Album, Aye Awọn ọmọde, ati bẹbẹ lọ); fun skr. ati fp. - sonata A-dur (reissue 1952), awọn ege, pẹlu mẹta Pieces (reissue 1950); suite fun viol d'amour ati piano; fifehan, 33 awọn orin Slav (1877), awọn orin ọmọde (awọn iwe ajako 14, ti a gbejade ni 1876); awọn akọrin, pẹlu awọn orin choral 115 fun awọn ọmọde ati ọdọ (awọn iwe ajako 8), awọn ere ọmọde 50 pẹlu awọn akọrin (cappella), awọn orin eniyan Russian 64 (ti a tẹjade ni 1875); fp. ile-iwe (1875); Awọn adaṣe ojoojumọ fun idagbasoke ẹrọ ti ọwọ ọtun ati apa osi fun violin kan.

Awọn iṣẹ iwe-kikọ: Awọn iranti ti N.Ya. Afanasiev, "Iwejade Itan", 1890, vols. 41, 42, Keje, Oṣu Kẹjọ.

To jo: Ulybyshev A., Russian violinist N. Ya. Afanasiev, “Sev. oyin”, 1850, No 253; (C. Cui), Awọn akọsilẹ Orin. "Volga", G. Afanasyev's quartet, "SPB Vedomosti", 1871, Kọkànlá Oṣù 19, No.. 319; Z., Nikolai Yakovlevich Afanasiev. Obituary, "RMG", 1898, No 7, ọwọn. 659-61; Yampolsky I., Russian fayolini aworan, (vol.) 1, M.-L., 1951, ch. 17; Raaben L., Apejọ ohun elo ni orin Rọsia, M., 1961, p. 152-55, 221-24; Shelkov N., Nikolai Afanasiev (Awọn orukọ ti a gbagbe), "MF", 1962, No 10.

IM Yampolsky