Philadelphia Orchestra |

Philadelphia Orchestra

Ọkan ninu awọn asiwaju simfoni orchestras ni United States. Ti a ṣẹda ni 1900 nipasẹ adaorin F. Schel lori ipilẹ ti ologbele-ọjọgbọn ati awọn apejọ magbowo ti o wa ni Philadelphia lati opin orundun 18th. Ere orin akọkọ ti Orchestra Philadelphia waye ni Oṣu kọkanla ọjọ 16, ọdun 1900 labẹ itọsọna Schel pẹlu ikopa ti pianist O. Gabrilovich, ẹniti o ṣe ere orin Piano First Tchaikovsky pẹlu Orchestra.

Ni ibẹrẹ, Orchestra Philadelphia ni nipa awọn akọrin 80, ẹgbẹ naa fun awọn ere orin 6 ni ọdun kan; Ni awọn akoko diẹ ti o tẹle, akọrin pọ si awọn akọrin 100, nọmba awọn ere orin pọ si 44 fun ọdun kan.

Ni 1st mẹẹdogun ti awọn 20 orundun, awọn Philadelphia Orchestra ti a waiye nipasẹ F. Weingartner, SV Rachmaninov, R. Strauss, E. d'Albert, I. Hoffmann, M. Sembrich, SV Rachmaninov, K. Sen -Sans, E Isai, F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut ati awọn miiran. Lẹhin iku Shel (1907), Orchestra Philadelphia jẹ olori nipasẹ K. Polig.

Dekun idagbasoke ti awọn onilu ká sise ogbon ni nkan ṣe pẹlu awọn orukọ ti L. Stokowski, ti o mu lati 1912. Stokowski waye ohun imugboroosi ti awọn repertoire ati ki o actively igbega igbalode orin. Labẹ itọsọna rẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ ni a ṣe ni AMẸRIKA fun igba akọkọ, pẹlu Scriabin's 3rd Symphony (1915). 8th - Mahler (1918), Alpine - R. Strauss (1916), 5th, 6th ati 7th symphonies ti Sibelius (1926), 1st - Shostakovich (1928), nọmba awọn iṣẹ nipasẹ IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov.

Orchestra Philadelphia ti di ọkan ninu awọn ẹgbẹ asiwaju ni Amẹrika. Lati 1931 Y. Ormandy ṣe lorekore pẹlu awọn Philadelphia Orchestra, ni 1936 o di awọn oniwe-igbẹhin adaorin, ati ninu awọn 1938/39 akoko o rọpo Stokowski bi olori adaorin.

Lẹhin Ogun Agbaye 2nd 1939-45, Orchestra Philadelphia gba orukọ rere ti ọkan ninu awọn akọrin ti o dara julọ ni agbaye. Ni 1950 ẹgbẹ naa rin irin-ajo Great Britain, ni ọdun 1955 ṣe irin-ajo nla kan ti Yuroopu, ni ọdun 1958 fun awọn ere orin 12 ni USSR (Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv), atẹle nipa awọn irin-ajo lọpọlọpọ ni ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede agbaye.

Idanimọ gbogbo agbaye ti Orchestra Philadelphia mu pipe ti ere ti akọrin kọọkan, isomọ akojọpọ, ibiti o ni agbara pupọ julọ. Awọn oludari ati awọn adarọ-ese ti o tobi julọ ni agbaye, pẹlu awọn akọrin oludari Soviet, ṣe ifowosowopo pẹlu akọrin: EG Gilels ati DF Oistrakh ṣe awọn iṣafihan wọn pẹlu rẹ ni AMẸRIKA, LB Kogan, Yu. Kh. Temirkanov nigbagbogbo ṣe.

The Philadelphia Orchestra yoo fun nipa 130 ere ni odun; lakoko igba otutu wọn waye ni alabagbepo ti Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Orin (awọn ijoko 3000), ninu ooru - ni ita gbangba amphitheater "Robin Hood Dell".

MM Yakovlev

Awọn oludari orin:

• Fritz Scheel (1900-1907)
• Karl Polig (1908-1912)
• Leopold Stokowski (1912-1938)
• Eugene Ormandy (1936-1980, ọdun meji akọkọ pẹlu Stokowski)
• Riccardo Muti (1980-1992)
• Wolfgang Sawallisch (1993-2003)
• Christoph Eschenbach (2003-2008)
• Charles Dutoit (2008-2010)
• Yannick Neze-Seguin (lati ọdun 2010)

Aworan: Philadelphia Orchestra ti Yannick Nézet-Séguin dari (Ryan Donnell)