Ralph Vaughan Williams |

Ralph Vaughan Williams

Olupilẹṣẹ Gẹẹsi, olupilẹṣẹ ara ilu ati akọrin ti gbogbo eniyan, olugba ati oniwadi ti itan-akọọlẹ orin Gẹẹsi. O kọ ẹkọ ni Trinity College, Cambridge University pẹlu C. Wood ati ni Royal College of Music ni London (1892-96) pẹlu X. Parry ati C. Stanford (composition), W. Parrett (organ); dara si ni tiwqn pẹlu M. Bruch ni Berlin, pẹlu M. Ravel ni Paris. Lati ọdun 1896-99 o jẹ alamọdaju ni South Lambeth Church ni Ilu Lọndọnu. Lati ọdun 1904 o ti jẹ ọmọ ẹgbẹ ti Ẹgbẹ Orin Folk. Lati 1919 o kọ ẹkọ tiwqn ni Royal College of Music (lati ọdọ ọjọgbọn 1921). Ni 1920-28 olori Bach Choir.

Vaughan Williams jẹ ọkan ninu awọn oludasilẹ ti titun English ile-iwe ti tiwqn ("English musical renaissance"), eyi ti o polongo awọn nilo lati ṣẹda orilẹ-ede ọjọgbọn music da lori English gaju ni itan ati awọn aṣa ti English oluwa ti awọn 16th ati 17th sehin; ṣe afihan awọn ero rẹ pẹlu iṣẹ rẹ, ti o fi wọn sinu awọn iṣẹ ti awọn oriṣiriṣi oriṣiriṣi: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) fun akọrin alarinrin, awọn irokuro lori akori Tallis fun akọrin okun meji (“Fantasia on akori nipasẹ Tallis", 1910), 2nd London Symphony ("London simfoni", 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), opera "Hugh the Gurtmaker" (op. 1914), ati be be lo.

Awọn aṣeyọri ti o ṣe pataki julọ ni aaye ti orin aladun ati orin aladun. Ni nọmba kan ti awọn iṣẹ orin aladun nipasẹ Vaughan Williams, awọn iṣẹlẹ ti itan-akọọlẹ ti awọn eniyan Gẹẹsi ni a ṣe, awọn aworan gidi ti igbesi aye Gẹẹsi ode oni ti tun ṣe, awọn ohun elo orin fun eyiti o fa ni pataki lati inu itan-akọọlẹ orin Gẹẹsi.

Awọn iṣẹ alarinrin ti Vaughan-Williams jẹ iyatọ nipasẹ ẹda iyalẹnu wọn (simfoni kẹrin), asọye aladun, agbara idari ohun, ati ọgbọn ti orchestration, ninu eyiti ipa ti awọn Impressionists ni rilara. Lara ohun nla nla, simfoniki ati awọn iṣẹ akọrin jẹ oratorios ati cantatas ti a pinnu fun iṣẹ ile ijọsin. Ninu awọn operas, “Sir John in Love” (“Sir John in Love”, 4, ti o da lori “Awọn Gossips Windsor” nipasẹ W. Shakespeare) gbadun aṣeyọri nla julọ. Vaughan Williams jẹ ọkan ninu awọn akọrin Gẹẹsi akọkọ ti o ṣiṣẹ takuntakun ni sinima (simfoni 1929th rẹ ni a kọ lori ipilẹ orin fun fiimu naa nipa aṣawakiri pola RF Scott).

Iṣẹ ti Vaughan-Williams jẹ ijuwe nipasẹ iwọn awọn imọran, ipilẹṣẹ ti orin ati awọn ọna asọye, iṣalaye eniyan ati ti orilẹ-ede. Iṣe pataki ti iwe-kikọ Vaughan-Williams ati iṣẹ-irohin ṣe ipa pataki ninu dida aṣa orin Gẹẹsi ti ọrundun 20th.

MM Yakovlev

Awọn akojọpọ:

awọn opera (6) – Hugh awakọ (1924, London), ifẹnukonu oloro (Fẹnukonu oloro, 1936, Cambridge), Awọn ẹlẹṣin si okun (1937, London), ilọsiwaju ti alarinrin, ko si Benyan, 1951, London) ati awọn miiran ; awọn baluwe - Old King Cole (Old King Cole, 1923), keresimesi night (Ni alẹ Keresimesi, 1926, Chicago), Job (Job, 1931, London); oratories, cantatas; fun orchestra - 9 symphonies (1909-58), pẹlu. software – 1st, Marine (A okun simfoni, 1910, fun akorin, soloists ati orchestra si awọn ọrọ nipa W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, lẹhin "The Tempest" nipa U. Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctic (Sinfonia antartica, 1952); awọn ere orin irinse, iyẹwu ensembles; piano ati awọn akojọpọ ara; awọn akorin, awọn orin; eto ti English awọn eniyan songs; orin fun itage ati sinima.

Awọn iṣẹ iwe-kikọ: Ibiyi ti orin. Lẹhin ọrọ ati awọn akọsilẹ nipasẹ SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.

To jo: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Ese lori igbesi aye ati ẹda, M., 1958.