Boston Symphony Orchestra |

Orchestra Symphony Boston

Ọkan ninu awọn akọbi simfoni orchestras ni United States. Ti a da ni ọdun 1881 nipasẹ patron G. Lee Higginson. Ẹgbẹ orin naa pẹlu awọn akọrin ti o peye lati Austria ati Germany (ni ipilẹṣẹ awọn akọrin 60, nigbamii ca. 100). Ere orin akọkọ ti Orchestra Symphony Boston labẹ itọsọna ti oludari G. Henschel waye ni ọdun 1881 ni Hall Orin Orin Boston. Ni opin ti awọn 19th orundun Boston Symphony Orchestra ti a asiwaju nipasẹ awọn wọnyi conductors: V. Guericke (1884-89; 1898-1906), A. Nikish (1889-93), E. Paur (1893-98). Lati ọdun 1900, akọrin ti n ṣiṣẹ nigbagbogbo ni Hall Symphony. Ti o ṣe pataki julọ fun idagbasoke awọn ọgbọn ṣiṣe ti Orchestra Symphony Boston jẹ iṣẹ-ṣiṣe ti K. Mook, ti ​​o ṣe akoso ẹgbẹ ni 1906-18 (pẹlu isinmi; ni 1908-12 oludari orin M. Fidler). Lẹhin iku Higginson, ẹniti o ṣe inawo awọn iṣẹ ti ẹgbẹ akọrin, Igbimọ Alakoso ti ṣeto. Lakoko akoko 1918-19, Orchestra Symphony Boston ṣe labẹ apa. A. Rabo, o ti rọpo nipasẹ P. Monteux (1919-24), ti o fi kun awọn akọrin ká repertoire o kun pẹlu awọn iṣẹ ti igbalode French music.

Ọjọ giga ti Orchestra Symphony Boston ni nkan ṣe pẹlu SA Koussevitsky, ẹniti o ṣe olori fun ọdun 25 (1924-49). O fọwọsi awọn ẹya abuda ti aṣa ere orin orchestra, ṣafihan ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ ti orin Rọsia sinu atunkọ. (Orchestra Symphony Boston jẹ ọkan ninu awọn onitumọ akọkọ ti iṣẹ PI Tchaikovsky ni AMẸRIKA). Ni ipilẹṣẹ ti Koussevitzky, Orchestra Symphony Boston fun igba akọkọ ṣe ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣẹ nipasẹ awọn olupilẹṣẹ ode oni - SS Prokofiev, A. Honegger, P. Hindemith, IF Stravinsky, B. Bartok, DD Shostakovich, ati awọn onkọwe Amẹrika - A. Copland, W. Piston, W. Shumen ati awọn miiran. Koussevitzky ṣeto ayẹyẹ Berkshire ọsẹ mẹfa ni Tanglewood (Massachusetts), nibiti Orchestra Symphony Boston ṣe. Ni 1949-62 awọn orchestra ti a oludari ni S. Munsch, o ti rọpo nipasẹ E. Leinsdorf (lati 1962). Lati ọdun 1969, Orchestra Symphony Boston ti jẹ oludari nipasẹ W. Steinberg. Awọn oludari ti o tobi julọ ti awọn orilẹ-ede oriṣiriṣi - E. Ansermet, B. Walter, G. Wood, A. Casella ati awọn omiiran, bakannaa awọn olupilẹṣẹ - AK Glazunov, V. d'Andy, R. Strauss, D. Milhaud, O. Respighi , M. Ravel, SS Prokofiev ati awọn miiran.

Akoko Orchestra Symphony Boston n ṣiṣẹ lati Oṣu Kẹwa si aarin Oṣu Kẹjọ ọdun kọọkan ati pẹlu awọn ere orin 70 ju. Nigbagbogbo (lati ọdun 1900) awọn ere orin igba ooru ti gbogbo eniyan waye, eyiti a pe ni. Boston Pops, ifihan isunmọ. Awọn akọrin 50 ti orchestra (lati 1930 A. Fidler ṣe itọsọna awọn eto olokiki wọnyi). Orchestra Symphony Boston tun ni oniruuru awọn ere orin ni awọn ilu AMẸRIKA pataki, o si ti rin irin-ajo lọ si odi lati ọdun 1952 (ni USSR ni ọdun 1956).

MM Yakovlev

Awọn oludari orin ti ẹgbẹ-orin:

Ọdun 1881-1884 – George Henschel 1884-1889 – Wilhelm Guericke 1889-1893 – Arthur Nikisch 1893-1898 – Emil Paur 1898-1906 – Wilhelm Guerricke 1906-1908 – 1908-1912 – Karl Muck 1912-1918 Ọdun 1918 — Henri Rabaud 1919-1919 – Pierre Monteux 1924-1924 – Sergei Koussevitzky 1949-1949 – Charles Munch 196-1962 – Erich Leinsdorf 1969-1969 – William Steinberg 1972-1973 – Lefi 2002-2004